1. Relationships in Nature BIO108

2. Symbiosis Living together A partnership Two different species Both partners benefit – mutual benefit

3. Animal Kingdom Nile crocodile & crocodile bird Hermit crab & sea anemone Buffalo & oxpecker Shark & remora fish

4. Crocodile & Bird Nile crocodile –Usually eats animals –Allows bird to walk around its mouth Crocodile bird –Cleans parasites in croc’s teeth –Removes and eats scraps of food –Eats harmful leeches and parasites

5. Hermit Crab & Sea Anemone Hermit crab –protects the crab Sea anemone –Gets leftover food http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm

6. Buffalo & Oxpecker Buffalo –Lets the bird eat Oxpecker –Eats ticks and other parasites off skin –Warns buffalo of danger http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/enemies/partners.html

8. Shark and Remora Fish Shark –Lets the fish eat Remora Fish –Eats parasites –Gets the shark’s leftovers

9. Lichen Slow growing plants Partnership: fungi & algae Neither could live alone

10. Relationships Phoresis Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism

11. Phoresis Loose association One organism is smaller than other Larger organism used for transport Dung beetles and cow dung

12. Commensalism “eating together at the same table” Only one member benefits –sharing space, defense, shelter, food Neither will die if relationship is ended Shrimp & sea cucumber http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm

13. Mutualism Both organisms derive mutual benefit Intimate and obligatory Neither can survive without the other Example – host and parasite Tickbirds and rhinos Clownfish & sea anemone

14. Parasitism Not symbiotic Causes harm to host