1. Standard 6
Conflict between traditionalism and progressivism in the 1920s and the economic collapse and the political response to the economic crisis in the 1930s

2. Day 1 Monday

3. 6.1 6 slides Economic, social, and cultural changes in the 1920s
Mass production
Home appliances
Installment plan
Transportation
Mass culture
Harlem Renaissance

4. Changing Economy
After WWI, the US entered a period of economic growth and cultural change
Both positive and negative consequences
Did not extend to all Americans

5. Changing Economy The growth of electric energy hurt the coal industry
Farmers faced surpluses due to lack of troops to ship their crops to
Mass production marginalized the skilled worker
Workers were still underpaid due to ineffectiveness of labor unions
Widening gap between the ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’

6. Changing Economy
The assembly line mass produced radios, refrigerators, and new appliances
Introduced by Henry Ford in 1913
The installment plan (credit) encouraged consumers to ‘buy now, pay later’
Washing machines, electric irons, and vacuum cleaners were labor-saving devices
Working women could not afford the appliances
Middle class women started doing their own house work instead of hiring help

7. Changing Society and Culture
Women had very little change in society or the economy
The flapper’s attempted to use freedom to change cultural attitudes towards the role of women
Most women continued the traditional roles as wife and mother
Advertising, radio and the movies reinforced traditional gender roles

8. Changing Society and Culture
Transportation helped change urban life
Automobile changed living patterns for those who could afford one
Automobiles lessened the isolation of rural life
Street cars increased the gap in living and working conditions
Suburbs grew
Aviation had little impact due to cost

9. Changing Society and Culture
The Great Migration led to segregated neighborhoods
A black middle class developed
Supported African American writers, musicians, and artists
The Harlem Renaissance recognized black artists and musicians
James Weldon Johnson and Langston Hughes
Celebrated ties to African culture and black pride
Questioned the 2nd class citizenship of blacks
The radio helped spread jazz to white audiences and promoted a shared national culture
Luis Armstrong

10. Day 2 Tuesday

11. slides
Social change and conflict between traditional and modern culture
Role of women
“Red Scare”
Ku Klux Klan
Immigration
Prohibition
Scopes trial

12. Role of Women The role of women changed somewhat
Took new jobs while men were fighting during WWI
Home front efforts during WWI led to the 19th amendment
No new opportunities in the workplace (teachers, nurses, secretaries, telephone operators)
Earned less money than men
The flapper represented change but posed little threat to traditional roles

13. “Red Scare” WWI propaganda promoted “100 percent Americanism”
Exacerbated nativism and turned into xenophobia (hatred or fear of foreigners)
Postwar inflation and job competition led to labor unrest
Strikes, the Russian Revolution, and European socialism frightened middle and upper class

14. “Red Scare”
The Red Scare resulted from Communism, Socialism, Anarchist bombs, and labor strikes
Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer led the Palmer Raids against suspected communists
4,000 alleged communists were held without bond
100s were deported

15. Ku Klux Klan The KKK gained new followers due to the Red Scare
Added radicals, immigrants, and Catholics to the target list
Klansmen saw themselves as moral regulators, targeting bootleggers and gamblers
Used public beatings, lynchings, and cross burnings

16. Immigration Quotas Anti-immigrant sentiment turned to xenophobia
Resulted in Congress limiting immigration
Eastern and Southern European was limited and Asians were barred entirely

17. Prohibition
The temperance movement advocated prohibition since the 1830s
Anti-German sentiment and grain shortages led to the 18th amendment
Prohibited the sale and distribution of alcohol, but not its consumption
Neither federal nor local governments had the manpower to stop illegal activity
The 21st amendment repealed the 18th and ended prohibition

18. Scopes Trial
Conflict between traditional religious beliefs and science caused anxiety
Religious fundamentalism (literal truth of the Bible) vs. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution
The Scopes Trial (Monkey Trial) resulted from a Tennessee law that forbade the teaching of evolution in public schools
Biology teacher purposefully broke the law to teach evolution

19. Day 3 Wednesday

20. 6.3 10 slides Causes and consequences of the Great Depression
Wealth gap
Farm economy
Dust Bowl
Limited regulation
taxes and investments
Stock market speculation
Federal Reserve System

21. False Prosperity
The tradition of government not regulating the economy was reflected in the practices of the 1920s
Encouraged Big Business
Not protecting the interests of laborers and farmers
The Great Depression would question this role

22. False Prosperity
The 1920s seemed prosperous with high employment and low inflation
Huge wealth gap
Most Americans earned less than $2500 per year
Wages were stagnant despite the company’s prosperity
When installment payments stopped, so did consumer spending
Less demand caused lay-offs

23. Farm Sector Collapse The farm economy collapsed
International competition
Lower crop prices
High debts and taxes
Defaulted on bank loans
Farm defaults caused banks to fail due to lower supply of currency
Limited the number of loans available

24. Laissez-Faire Economics
Republican presidents returned to a laissez-faire policy
Powerful corporations
High tariffs
SCOTUS overturned child labor and minimum wage laws
The wealthy invested their earnings in the stock market
Didn’t open new factories
Increased speculation (buying stock in bulk then selling individually)
Made a company look profitable (caused prices to increase) when it really wasn’t

25. Laissez-Faire Economics
Stock market speculation was fueled by a “get rich quick” mentality
Led to inflated stock values
Lack of regulations allowed people to buy on the margin (buying stock with a small % of personal $ and borrowing $ from the bank to pay off the rest)
Investors would pay the bank back with profits earned
On “Black Tuesday” the market experienced the greatest crash in history
October 29, 1929

26. Day 4 Thursday

27. Government Mistakes
Poor decisions of individual companies, consumers, investors, and the Federal Reserve worsened the economic climate
The Fed is able to regulate the money supply
Make loans to banks-> make loans to businesses-> hire workers-> buy products
They attempted to stop speculation by charging high interest rates on loans but ended up discouraging bank lending

28. Government Mistakes
Congress attempted to protect American industry by imposing a high tariff in 1930
Caused more damage to the economy
Halted international trade
President Hoover urged companies to voluntarily maintain wages and hours
Low consumer demand made this impossible
Companies laid off workers and cut hours

29. The Great Depression
The Great Depression was the worst economic disaster to ever hit the US
25% unemployment
People faced eviction and foreclosure
Wages and hours were cut
People stopped buying anything but the most essential goods
Bank “runs” occurred when people rushed to the banks to withdraw their savings

30. The Great Depression Soup kitchens formed to help feed the poor
The lines for soup kitchens were called bread lines
Hoovervilles were shanty towns or shacks where the homeless lived
Schools closed
Fewer marriages
Lower birthrate
Men abandoned their families
The “Bonus Army” of unemployed WWI veterans marched on DC seeking an early payment of a promised bonus

34. The Great Depression
The farming community suffered an economic and environmental disaster
The plains were damaged by overgrazing
Mechanized farm equipment and greater demand during WWI caused overplanting
The Dust Bowl occurred when drought and high winds during the 1930s blew away the rich top soil
Evicted tenant farmers
Migrant workers roamed searching for work
Okies left the plains for California and jobs

45. Work Day- Friday
Day 6 Monday

46. 6.4 9 slides Effectiveness of FDR’s New Deal Programs
Relieving suffering
Achieving economic recovery
Protecting the rights of minorities

47. Government Intervention
During the 1932 election, Americans demanded federal aid
Franklin Delano Roosevelt immediately initiated a series of relief and recovery measures
The New Deal alleviated some suffering and offered hope to Americans

48. The New Deal
FDR’s initial goal was to stabilize the economy and relieve human suffering
Banks were closed for a holiday-> stopped runs
Government insured bank deposits-> instilled confidence in banks [Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]
Stock market regulations-> prevent pre-crash conditions [Securities and Exchange Commission]

49. The New Deal
Government subsidies to farmers who produced less crops-> stabilized prices and raised income [Agricultural Adjustment Act]
Rural electrification programs built dams-> brought electricity, 1000s of jobs, and stimulated the economy [Tennessee Valley Authority]
Federal government employed young men and veterans-> built national parks, bridges, hospitals, schools, and air fields [Civilian Conservation Corps]
Federal support of the arts-> employed writers, artists, and actors[Works Progress Administration]

50. The New Deal
A national insurance policy-> provided aid to the unemployed, disabled, elderly, and dependent children [Social Security Act]
Workers would pay into the plan for future protection
Did not provide immediate relief
Critics cite the SSA as laying the groundwork for the “welfare state”

51. The New Deal
Minimum wage and maximum hour standards [Fair Labor Standards Act]
Recognized the rights of labor unions and collective bargaining [Fair Employment Practices Act (Wagner Act)]
FDR increased taxes for wealthy individuals and businesses to pay for the New Deal programs

52. Day 6 Tuesday

53. Criticism of the New Deal
Liberals and conservatives criticized the New Deal
Political left- workers and labor unions claimed FDR was not doing enough to redistribute income and help the elderly and the poor
Political right- wealthy business owners claimed the New Deal was too expensive and socialist
FDR was accused of taking too much power for the federal government
SCOTUS undermined programs by ruling several of them unconstitutional
Deficit spending (government spending $ so Americans can earn $) provided millions of dollars in relief but caused an unbalanced budget

54. Opposition in Government
FDR responded to the SCOTUS by proposing a plan to increase the size of the Court
This would give him the opportunity to nominate Justices who supported the New Deal
The “court-packing” plan fueled conservative criticism but prevented the SCOTUS from overturning any other programs

55. Failures of the New Deal
The New Deal programs did not help African Americans
% of blacks were unemployed
The CCC was racially segregated
The AAA hurt tenant farmers and sharecroppers
FDR formed a “Black Cabinet” to consult for race issues
Due to discrimination, blacks threatened to march on DC-> commission was established to protect black workers in wartime industries [Fair Employment Practices Commission]

56. Failures of the New Deal
The New Deal programs did not help women
Women had to “use it up, wear it out, make it do or do without”
Faced job discrimination
The CCC did not hire women
Other programs hired mostly men
Lower minimum wage for women [National Recovery Administration]
FDR appointed the first woman to the Cabinet (Frances Perkins)
FDR relied on Eleanor Roosevelt for information and advice