1. Economic crisis, poverty and inequalities Irina Zabelina, Ekaterina Klevakina Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

2. ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY IN A TIME OF CRISIS 22 – 25 August 2010 OLDENBURG AND BREMEN, GERMANY Measures and data Measures of inequality: the Gini coefficient; the Atkinson index; the Theil index. Data for the period 2000-2008: GRDP per capita; sewage water per capita; air pollutant emissions per capita; solid waste generation per capita.

3. ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY IN A TIME OF CRISIS 22 – 25 August 2010 OLDENBURG AND BREMEN, GERMANY Expert evaluation of society's preference for equality IncomeCO 2 emissionsSolid wasteSewage water

4. ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY IN A TIME OF CRISIS 22 – 25 August 2010 OLDENBURG AND BREMEN, GERMANY Lorenz curves for indicators of environmental pressure and economic development, 2007 Pollutant emissions per capita Solid waste generation per capita Sewage water per capita GRDP per capita (in comparatively prices) GRDP per capita (PPP in regions) Line of complete equality Regions, %

5. ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY IN A TIME OF CRISIS 22 – 25 August 2010 OLDENBURG AND BREMEN, GERMANY Dynamics of inequality in Russian Federation Sewage water per capita Pollutant emissions per capita GRDP per capita (PPP in regions) GRDP per capita Solid waste generation per capita GRDP per capita (PPP in regions) GRDP per capita Pollutant emissions per capita Sewage water per capita Solid waste generation per capita GRDP per capita (PPP in regions) GRDP per capita Pollutant emissions per capita Sewage water per capita Solid waste generation per capita GRDP per capita GRDP per capita (PPP in regions) Pollutant emissions per capita Sewage water per capita Solid waste generation per capita Theil index Coefficient Gini Atkinson index (ε=1) Atkinson index (ε was estimated by experts)

6. ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY IN A TIME OF CRISIS 22 – 25 August 2010 OLDENBURG AND BREMEN, GERMANY Moran’s Index for the indicators of Russian regions Indicator Moran’s Index GRDP per capita 0.002 GRDP per capita (PPP in regions) 0.28 Pollutant emissions per capita 0.35 Sewage water per capita 0.01 Solid waste generation per capita 0.13

7. ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY IN A TIME OF CRISIS 22 – 25 August 2010 OLDENBURG AND BREMEN, GERMANY Conclusions The Gini coefficient and Atkinson index (ε=1) for GRDP per capita grew by 27% and 34% accordingly between 2000 and 2008. Level of interregional inequality for environmental pressure grew also. So, the Gini coefficient, Theil index and Atkinson index (ε=1) for sewage water per capita grew by 15%, 27% and 16% accordingly between 2000 and 2008. At the same time the results show increasing of inequality in distribution of air pollutant emission (Theil index grew by 15%) and waste generation (Theil index and Atkinson Index (ε=1) grew by 37% и 25% accordingly). Generally environmental intensity exhibits higher levels of inequality than income. Increasing inequalities in distribution of environmental intensity can mean development of environmental colonialism policy to some Russian regions. Also it can force the danger of interregional and interpersonal conflicts and lead not to economic, but also the social crisis.

8. ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY IN A TIME OF CRISIS 22 – 25 August 2010 OLDENBURG AND BREMEN, GERMANY Inequality metrics for the indicators of Russian regions Inequality metrics Gini coeffi- cient Atkin- son index (ε=1) Atkin- son index Norma- lized Theil Index Indicator GRDP per capita 0.50.350.860.24 GRDP p.c. (PPP in regions) 0.330.170.790.15 Pollutant emissions p.c. 0.680.78 2 0.74 2 0.55 Sewage water p.c. 0.710.460.990.40 Solid waste generation p.c. 0.650.920.880.83

9. ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY IN A TIME OF CRISIS 22 – 25 August 2010 OLDENBURG AND BREMEN, GERMANY Decrease of GDP Growth (based on 2000 GDP) in time of the crisis

10. ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY IN A TIME OF CRISIS 22 – 25 August 2010 OLDENBURG AND BREMEN, GERMANY Thank you for your attention!