1. methodology and analysis of Ghana’s greenhouse gas inventory St. Mary’s Antigua and Barbuda 21-23 March, 2011 Daniel Tutu Benefoh Energy Resources and Climate Change Unit Environmental Protection Agency, Ghana dbenefor2000@gmail.com

2. outline of presentation context and status of national communication GHGI methodologies results/critical success Factors barriers and constraints key lessons learned

3. snapshot of Ghana’s inventory cycle planning phase prepration phase management phase training GHGI team Identify and form teams estimation data evaluation Data request and collection 2-year time scale Documentation and Archiving Resources QA/QC NIR Compilation 3 rd Party Review Identification & review of AD & EF sources 10% time spent 60% time spent 30% time spent Prioritized Improvements Set GHGI protocols Roles & MoU Tipping Budget Planned Improvements Incorporation to SNC

5. the Ghanaian context and status of national communication  Economy – average of GDP 5% growth per annum. Major economic sectors (energy – growing thermal power production, oil and gas emerging), forestry and agriculture, mining, services.  Population – increasing population (24mio @ 2010), 2.7% annual growth rate, high urbanisation rate.  Ratified UNFCCC and KP. Submitted Initial communication to the COP in 2000.  Second National Communication is completed : undergoing third party review.  GHG covered complete time series – (1990 to 2006) – beyond 2000 baseline  Five major economic sectors - Energy, IP, LULUCF, Agric and Waste.  Solvent and product use???? - it is “not estimated” because of lack of requisite data.  Five direct Gases - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, tetrafluorocarbon and hexafluoroethane(PFCs ) were inventoried.

6. methodologies used for GHG Inventory - Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines (software base on this guideline). 2000 IPCC Good Practice Guidance and 2003 LULUCF Good Practice Guidance. Generally tier 1 (Higher tier was used for transport and LULUCF – improvement from initial communication). The emission factors used were derived IPCC default and some country specific factors. Summary of methodologies used for the calculations and emissions (check out the table)

7. summary of GHG emission Inventory per sector In 2000, total GHG emissions is estimated as 12.2MtCO 2 e. (including LULUCF) 173% above the 1990 levels of -17.2MtCO 2 e and 97% lower than 2006 levels of 23.9MtCO 2 e. Excluding LULUCF: in 2000, total emission was 13.3MtCO2e, which is about 49% above 1990 levels and 39% lower than 2006 levels. This emissions represents about 0.05% of the total global emissions (comparable to World Resources Institute, 2010 –global emissions data). At the African continent level, Ghana is rank at par with Senegal and Mali at the 21st most GHG emitting country in Africa trailing behind Nigeria, South Africa, and Egypt etc.  Rank 108 in the world and represent a total per capita emission of nearly 1tCO 2 e per person as at 2006. Based on our best possible estimates: we can safely conclude that “ Ghana moved from being a “net sink” in 1990 to “net emitter” in 2001, grew, peaked up to 2004 and marginally reduced from 2005 up to 2006 inventory year. Based on our best possible estimates: we can safely conclude that “ Ghana moved from being a “net sink” in 1990 to “net emitter” in 2001, grew, peaked up to 2004 and marginally reduced from 2005 up to 2006 inventory year.

8. summary of GHG emission Inventory per sector (2) 2006 2000

9. summary of GHG emission Inventory per gases(3) Trend of emissions by gases without LULUCF (in GgCO 2 e)

10. institutional arrangement OUR TEAM LEADERS Dr. J. K. Adu Theodore Asimeng National Inventory Leader QA/QCAgric Sector Daniel BenefohUNFCCC ReviewerQA/QCLULUCF General Issues Larry KotoeUNFCCC Reviewer-Energy Sector Joseph BaffoeUNFCCC Reviewer-IP Sector Juliana Boateng (Mrs)UNFCCC Reviewer-Waste

11. critical success factors  Strong leadership, team work and motivated individuals.  Fair institutional knowledge in IPCC methodologies  Committed qualified national sector-experts (continuing skills training via UNFCCC capacity development and others).  Improved access to national data. (Increasing willingness on the part of data providers to share)  Enhanced incentives for national experts and data providers.  Transparent domestic and international third party review process

12. barriers and constraints  administrative  lack of clear and formalized institutional roles and responsibilities.  unsustainability of adhoc working group approach  Inadequate funding (GEF) to support continuous data collection and archiving.  weak “high-level” support for national inventory process.  poor data sharing and protection regime  technical  gaps and inconsistencies in national activity data  generally non-existing country specific emission factors  wide use of lower tier IPCC methodologies  weak uncertainity and QA/QC regime.  concentrated capacity in frontline inventory agencies

13. key lesson learned. need to:  develop relevant higher-tier methodologies and country-specifc emission factors, at least, for key categories.  Conduct at least, tier-1 uncertainty assessment for the entire inventory, all the sectors and in particular key categories.  develop and implement a comprehensive national QA/QC plan  mainstream inventory into various sectors  decentralize and devolve “inventory” responsibilities to key national institutions. e.g. collection and archiving, QA/QC, and uncertainity management  Increase funding. (considering the “upcoming reporting regime under the Cancun Agreement)

14. One major – improvement in LULUCF (biomass map)

15. Thank you for your attention