1. Lesson 2

2.  Explorers from Spain and settlers seeking gold helped shape the West.

3.  Prospector  Boom town  Ghost town

4.  Spanish Exploration ◦ Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo ◦ Coast of California  Junipero Serra ◦ Franciscan priest ◦ Set up missions ◦ Built first CA mission in 1769  Became San Diego

5.  Russian Settlement ◦ Fur trading post in CA, Fort Ross ◦ Claimed much of Alaska  British Settlement ◦ Fur trading posts along Pacific coast (OR & WA)  Wagon Trains ◦ 1841-marked beginning of settlement ◦ 1846-1848: War over Southwest between U.S. & Mexico ◦ U.S. won and claimed CA and the territories

6.  Sutter’s Mill ◦ John Sutter moved to CA in 1839 ◦ Settled near the Sierra Nevada ◦ Had a mill built by James Marshall near the American River ◦ Marshall spotted gold ◦ Thousands of people heard and came to CA ◦ Began the Gold Rush

7.  Prospectors ◦ Person who searches for valuable minerals  Gold Rush Prospector Travel ◦ Overland from eastern U.S. ◦ By sea from East Coast to West Coast ◦ Sea route was a 15,000 mile trip around South America ◦ Most arrived by 1849 (forty-niners)

8.  San Francisco ◦ Port town where travelers arrived by sea ◦ Forty-niners passed through ◦ By 1849, city grew to 100,000 people

9.  Effects of Gold Rush ◦ Boom Towns  Grew where minerals were discovered  Miners and merchants came  Denver, Colorado, & Carson City ◦ Railroads  Built linking East Coast to West Coast  Cities along railroad grew as people moved west ◦ Ghost Towns  Deserted towns where minerals were once mined  Attract tourists

10.  Cattle drives ◦ Cowhands drove herds across the west ◦ From ranches in MT, WY, NV, UT ◦ To towns along the railroad  “cow towns” were rowdy and sometimes dangerous

11.  Legend of the “Wild West” from colorful and sometimes violent characters  William “Buffalo Bill” Cody ◦ Travelling show formed in 1883  Featured trick riding, rifle shooting, western wildlife  West grew more tame by 1890s ◦ Songs, stories, and movie keep legend alive

12.  Russian territory ◦ Used mainly for fur trading ◦ Sold to U.S. in 1867  $7 million, or 2 cents/acre  Wanted for fur trapping  Discovery of gold ◦ 1880s and 1890s in parts of AK and Canada ◦ Prospectors travelled to AK ◦ cities- Fairbanks and Juneau grew quickly

13.  Military Influence ◦ World War II military bases ◦ Airfields & highways boosted transportation and business development after the war  Discovery of Oil ◦ Oil deposits discovered in 1968 ◦ On coast of Artic Ocean ◦ 800 mile-long pipeline brings oil to Valdez  Loaded onto ships & sent to ports around the world

14.  Chain of Islands ◦ Made a territory in 1900 ◦ Exports: sugar cane & pineapples ◦ Hawaii, Oahu, Maui, Kauai, Molokai, Lanai, Niihau, Kahoolawe  World War II ◦ Ports and military bases built at Pearl Harbor ◦ Bombed by Japanese forces ◦ Gained statehood in 1959 ◦ 50 th state