1. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 9 Agricultural Transformation and Rural Development

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-2 The Imperative of Agricultural Progress and Rural Development n The heavy emphasis in the past on rapid industrialization may have been misplaced n Agricultural development is now seen as an important part of any development strategy

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-3 Agricultural Stagnation and Growth Since 1950 n Although agriculture employs the majority of the LDC labor force, it accounts for a much lower share of total output

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-4 Table 9.1

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-5 Agricultural Stagnation and Growth Since 1950 n Although agriculture employs the majority of the LDC labor force, it accounts for a much lower share of total output n Trends in per capita food and agricultural production, 1950–1994

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-6 Figure 9.1

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-7 The Structure of Third World Agrarian Systems n Two kinds of world agriculture

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-8 Table 9.2

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-9 The Structure of Third World Agrarian Systems n Two kinds of world agriculture n Peasant agriculture in Latin America, Asia, and Africa –Latin America and Asia: similarities and differences –The Latifundio–Minifundio pattern (see Table 9.4)

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-10 Table 9.3

11. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-11 Figure 9.2

12. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-12 The Structure of Third World Agrarian Systems n Two kinds of world agriculture n Peasant agriculture in Latin America, Asia, and Africa –Latin America and Asia: similarities and differences –The Latifundio–Minifundio pattern (see Table 9.4) –Fragmentation and subdivision of peasant land in Asia –Africa: extensive cultivation patterns

13. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-13 Table 9.4

14. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-14 The Important Role of Women n Women provide 60% to 80% of agricultural labor in Africa and Asia, and 40% in Latin America n Women work longer hours than men n Government assistance programs tend to reach men, not women

15. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-15 The Economics of Agricultural Development: Transition From Peasant to Commercial Farming n Subsistence farming: risk aversion, uncertainty, and survival

16. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-16 Figure 9.3

17. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-17 Figure 9.4

18. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-18 Figure 9.5

19. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-19 The Economics of Agricultural Development: Transition From Peasant to Commercial Farming n Subsistence farming: risk aversion, uncertainty, and survival n The transition to mixed and diversified farming n From divergence to specialization: modern commercial farming

20. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-20 Toward a Strategy of Agricultural and Rural Development n Improving small-scale agriculture n Conditions for rural development

21. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-21 Concepts for Review n Agrarian systems n Cash crops n Diversified farming n Family farm n Green revolution n Integrated rural development n Interlocking factor markets n Landlord n Land reform n Latifundio n Medium-sized farms n Minifundio n Mixed farming

22. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-22 Concepts for Review (cont’d) n Moneylender n Patrón n Per capita agricultural production n Per capita food production n Price bands n Productivity gap n Scale-neutral n Sharecropper n Shifting cultivation n Specialized farming n Staple foods n Subsistence farming n Tenant farmer n Transactions costs