1. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 1 Tennessee Business Planning Technical Overview on Enhanced Elevation (Zsolt Nagy) ENHANCED ELEVATION OVERVIEW Regional Forum Presentation Chattanooga 8/23/11 Alcoa 8/24/11 Blountsville 8/25/11 Murfreesboro 8/31/11 Jackson 9/1/11

2. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 2 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation

3. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 3 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Light Detection and Ranging –Before LiDAR: RaDAR –Efficient –Less Costly –Accurate Direct Measurements –Preferred Technology for EE –Multiple Applications

4. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 4 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation LiDAR Platforms –Mobile –Terrestrial –Airborne

5. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 5 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation LiDAR Components –Global Positioning System –Inertial Measurement Unit –Laser Scanner

6. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 6 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation LiDAR Basics –A pulse of light energy is emitted and the precise time is recorded. –The reflection of that pulse is detected and the precise time is recorded. –Knowing the speed of light, the range can be determined. –Knowing the position & attitude of the sensor, the XYZ coordinate of the target can be calculated.

7. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 7 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation LiDAR Basics RollPitchYaw

8. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 8 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation LiDAR Output –Points, Many points –Returns, Many Returns –Returns per Pulse –First, Interim, Last

9. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 9 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation LiDAR Output –Many points –Many Returns –First, Interim, Last –Point Cloud –Classified Point Cloud –ASPRS Classes –TN:1,2,7,8,9,&12

10. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 10 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation LiDAR Output –Intensity Image –Breaklines –Contours –Elevation Model (Bare Earth) –Other Output

11. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 11 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Intensity Image –Monochrome –Illumination level of the returns are recorded –Raster product –GeoTiff

12. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 12 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Breaklines –Feature marking a change in the smoothness or continuity of a surface An abrupt change in elevation Stream, ridge, road, building

13. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 13 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Breaklines

14. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 14 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Contours

15. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 15 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Bare Earth Elevation Model (100’)

16. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 16 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Bare Earth Elevation Model(50’)

17. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 17 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Bare Earth Elevation Model (25’)

18. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 18 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Bare Earth Elevation Model (5’)

19. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 19 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Bare Earth Elevation Model (100,50,25,5)

20. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 20 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation

21. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 21 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Other Output: Surface Models

22. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 22 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Other Output: Slope and Aspect

23. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 23 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Other Output: Hillshade

24. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 24 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Functional Uses and Activities Mapping confined urban channels vs natural streams In the creation of seamless topo/bathy products Integration into the National Elevation Dataset Derivation of stream channel characteristics Mapping and monitoring coastal hazards Identify small hydrologic features (ditches, tile drain) Mapping fish habitat Characterizing wildlife habitat Identification of canopy gaps Flood inundation modeling Derivative hydrologic profiling Disaster response Fire science High-resolution floodplain mapping Characterization of canopy structure Defining drainage basins Jokulhaup monitoring Fault-rupture mapping Monitoring sea level rise Natural Hazards Identifying landslide-prone areas Creating topographic maps Glacier changes Carbon sequestration assessments Homeland security scenarios Delineation of canopy surface and forest metrics Determination of watershed characteristics Delineation of building structures Characterization of urban settings Monitoring long-term shoreline change Mapping land cover and land use Measuring earthquake deformation Delineation of volcanic structure Monitoring volcano hazards Urban mapping Powerline mapping Hydrologic Modeling Bare earth products Monitoring debris flows Wave height surveys Sedimentation into rivers Monitoring geomorphic processes Identification of ponding areas Mapping wetland drainage Creation of synthetic drainage networks Identifying culverts Transportation mapping 3-D visualization of buildings Volume visualization Identifying bird habitats

25. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 25 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Primary Steps in a LiDAR Project –Planning –Calibration –Acquisition –Pre-processing –Post Processing –Product Generation –Data, Distribution, and Archival Management

26. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 26 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Conditions –Leaf Off –Cloud free –Fog Free –Flood Free –Snow Free –Night or Day

27. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 27 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Resolution and Accuracy –Nominal Point Spacing –Horizontal Accuracy –Vertical Accuracy –Anticipated Contour Equivalent –Elevation Model Cell Size –Intensity Image Cell Size

28. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 28 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Quality Levels Elevation Source Horizontal Resolution Terms Vertical Accuracy Terms Point Density Nominal Pulse Spacing DEM Post Spacing RMSEz in Open Terrain * Equivalent Contour Accuracy QL 1 LiDAR 8 pts/m 2 0.35 m 1/27 arc-sec (~1 m) 9.25 cm 1-ft QL 2 LiDAR 2 pts/m 2 0.7 m 1/27 arc-sec (~1 m) 9.25 cm 1-ft QL 3 LiDAR 1 – 0.25 pts/m 2 1 – 2 m 1/9 arc-sec (~3 m) ≤18.5 cm 2-ft QL 4 Imagery 1 – 0.04 pts/m 2 1 – 5 m 1/3 arc-sec (~10 m) 46.3 cm – 139 cm 5 – 15 ft QL 5 IFSAR 0.04 pts/m 2 5 m 1/3 arc-sec (~10 m) 92.7 cm – 185 cm 10 – 20 ft

29. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 29 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Requirements Specifications

30. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 30 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation

31. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 31 Tennessee Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation

32. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 32 Tennessee Business Planning Questions for Facilitated Discussion on Enhanced Elevation (Grady) Is anyone still wondering what we are talking about and why we are here? Can anyone describe a situation in their jurisdiction where they wish they could have had enhanced elevation data (i.e. better then what they had available)? Can anyone describe a situation where they did have enhanced elevation data, and how it positively made a difference?

33. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 33 Tennessee Business Planning Questions for Facilitated Discussion on Enhanced Elevation (Cont’d) What does the State of Tennessee need for enhanced elevation data? Why do we need it? Are there any substitutes that are good enough? How many people still rely primarily on USGS contours or digital elevation models from USGS? Are the capabilities to take advantage of enhanced elevation data out there in the counties and local governments? What role should the private sector play?

34. Applied Geographics, Inc./Tennessee Regional Forums/Enhanced Elevation/August 2011Slide 34 Tennessee Business Planning Networking Break NETWORKING BREAK then FACILITATED DISCUSSION