1. Chapter 2: Rhythm and Pitch Pitch

2. Key Terms Pitch Scale Interval Octave Diatonic scale Chromatic scale Flat Sharp Half step Whole step Playing in tune

3. Pitch Aspects of pitch Definite or indefinite High or low Most music draws from a pool of definite pitches, or a scale The distance between any two notes is called an interval

4. Intervals Octave Special interval relationship Upper note seems to duplicate lower note, though its pitch is higher Very smooth blend derives from overtone series; octave is the first overtone Men and women singing a tune together normally sing in octaves

5. Intervals Step Step is a small interval Usually the distance between adjacent notes of a scale Two sizes: half step and whole step Scale steps are specific notes of a scale e.g., scale step 1 (do) or scale step 5 (sol) Suggests a ladder; discrete pitches, not entire pitch continuum

6. Intervals Half step (semitone) The smallest interval in most Western music The interval between any two consecutive notes of the chromatic scale On a keyboard, the distance between any note and the note nearest to it, black or white

7. Intervals Whole step The most common interval found in diatonic scales Same distance as two consecutive half steps

8. Scales Collections of pitches used to construct melodies or entire pieces Diatonic scales typical of Western music Contain seven notes in each octave Chromatic scale uses all notes on the piano keyboard Contains twelve notes in each octave Modern music and world music use many other scales

9. Diatonic Scales Contain seven different pitches Seven letter names (ABCDEFG) originated with diatonic scales Octave (eighth note of scale) repeats the starting letter name Contains both whole steps (5) and half steps (2); asymmetrical Good examples include major scales (do re mi fa sol la ti do), minor scales, and church modes

10. Diatonic Scales

11. Chromatic Scale Contains twelve different pitches; uses all black and white keys in each octave Consists entirely of half steps; symmetrical Requires sharps or flats to notate black keys Developed later than diatonic scales, filling in whole steps with half steps

12. Chromatic Scale

13. Sharps and Flats The flat lowers a note by a half step The sharp raises a note by a half step

14. Diatonic vs. Chromatic

15. Scales and Instruments Western instruments are designed to play diatonic and chromatic scales Musicians learn to play in tune Many instrument can bend pitches A little: flute, clarinet, saxophone, guitar A lot: voice, trombone, violin, cello, timpani Some cannot Piano, harpsichord, xylophone

16. Listening Chromatic scale Diatonic scales Non-Western scales