1. E-government: the approach of the Belgian federal administration Frank Robben General manager Crossroads Bank for Social Security Strategic advisor Federal Public Service for ICT Sint-Pieterssteenweg 375 B-1040 Brussels E-mail: Frank.Robben@ksz.fgov.beFrank.Robben@ksz.fgov.be Website: http://www.law.kuleuven.ac.be/icri/frobbenhttp://www.law.kuleuven.ac.be/icri/frobben Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT)

2. 2 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) What is E-government ? n E-government is a continuous optimization of service delivery and governance by transforming internal and external relationships through technology, internet and new media n external relationships -government citizen -government business n internal relationships -government government -government employees n all relationships -are bidirectional -can be within a country or border-crossing

3. 3 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Government n not monolithic -EU -in every country federal level regions communities provinces municipalities parapublic institutions private instutions participating in delivery of public services … n integrated E-government is based upon common strategy, multilateral agreements and interoperability n E-government contains the opportunity to realize one virtual electronic government with full respect for every specific competence

4. 4 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Advantages n efficiency gains -in terms of costs: same services at lower total costs, e.g. unique information collection using co-ordinated notions and administrative instructions less re-encoding of information by electronic information exchange less contacts functional task sharing concerning information management, information validation and application development (distributed information systems) -in terms of quantity: more services at same total cost, e.g. all services are available at any time, from anywhere and from any device integrated service delivery -in terms of speed: same services at same total cost in less time reduction of waiting and travel time direct interaction with competent governmental institution real time feedback for the user

5. 5 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Advantages (ctd) n effectiveness gains -in terms of quality: same services at same total cost in same time, but to a higher quality standard, e.g. more correct service delivery personalized and participative service delivery more transparant and comprehensive service delivery more secure service delivery possibility of quality control on service delivery process by customer -in terms of type of services: new types of services, e.g. push system: automatic granting of or information about services active search of non-take-up using datawarehousing techniques controlled management of own personal information personalized simulation environments

6. 6 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) E-government: a structural reform process n ICT is only a means by which a result may be obtained n E-government requires -change of basic mindset: from government centric to customer centric -re-engineering of processes and end-to-end integration of these processes -considering information as a strategic resource for all government activity

7. 7 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) E-government: a structural reform process (ctd) n E-government requires (ctd) -co-operation between governmental institutions: one virtual electronic government, with respect for mission and core tasks of each governmental institution and government level government and private sector -adequate legal environment elaborated at the correct level -interoperability framework: ICT, security, unique identification keys, harmonized concepts -implementation with a decentralized approach, but with co- ordinated planning and program management (think global, act local) -adequate measures to prevent a digital divide

8. 8 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT)

9. 9 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Customer centric n unique declaration of every event during the life cycle/business episode of a customer and automatic granting of all related services n delivery of services that cannot be granted automatically to a customer -in an integrated way (information, interaction, transaction) -re-using all available information -in a personalized way (look & feel and interface, content, personalized support) -or at least based on the way of thinking of the customer group (life events, business episodes, life styles, target groups)

10. 10 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Customer centric (ctd) n declaration of events and service delivery via an access method chosen by the customer -application to application -file transfer -various end-user devices PC, GSM, PDA, digital TV, kiosks, … -use of intermediaries -accessible to disabled n use of integrated customer relation management tools n contact center

11. 11 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Re-engineering and integration of processes n need for re-engineering of processes -within each government institution -within each government level -across government levels -between government and his customers n need for end-to-end integration of processes: concept of value chains for the customers -lack of integration leads to overloading of the citizens/companies –multiple collection of the same information by several governmental institutions –no re-use of available information –avoidable contacts with citizens/companies due to multiple, unco-ordinated quality checks waste of efficiency and time suboptimal support of the policy made by government higher possibilities of fraud

12. 12 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Information as a strategic resource n respect of basic principles concerning -information modelling -unique collection and re-use of information -management of information -electronic exchange of information -protection of information

13. 13 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Information as resource: implications n information modelling -information is being modelled in such a way that the model fits in as close as possible with the real world definition of information elements definition of attributes of information elements definition of relations between information elements -information modelling takes into account as much as possible the expectable use cases of the information -the information model can be flexibly extended or adapted when the real world or the use cases of the information change

14. 14 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Information as resource: implications (ctd) n unique collection and re-use of information -information is only collected for well-defined purposes and in a proportional way to these purposes -all information is collected once, as close to the authentic source as possible -information is collected via a supplier-chosen channel, but preferably in an electronic way, using uniform basic services (single sign on, arrival receipt of a file, notification for each message, …) -information is collected according to the information model and on the base of uniform administrative instructions

15. 15 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Information as resource: implications (ctd) n unique collection and re-use of information (ctd) -with the possibility of quality control by the supplier before the transmission of the information -the collected information is validated once according to an established task sharing, by the most entitled institution or by the institution which has the greatest interest in a correct validation -and then shared and re-used by authorized users

16. 16 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Information as resource: implications (ctd) n management of information -information in all forms (e.g. voice, print, electronic or image) is managed efficiently through its life cycle -a functional task sharing is established indicating which institution stores which information in an authentic way, manages the information and keeps it at the disposal of the authorized users -information is stored according to the information model -information can be flexibly assembled according to ever changing legal notions -all information is subject to the application of agreed measures to ensure integrity and consistency

17. 17 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Information as resource: implications (ctd) n management of information (ctd) -every institution has to report probable improprieties of information to the institution that is designated to validate the information -every institution that has to validate information according to the agreed task sharing, has to examine the reported probable improprieties, to correct them when necessary and to communicate the correct information to every known interested institution -information will be retained and managed as long as there exists a business need, a legislative or policy requirement, or, preferably anonimized or encoded, when it has historical or archival importance

18. 18 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) n electronic exchange of information -once collected and validated, information is stored, managed and exchanged electronically to avoid transcribing and re- entering it manually -electronic information exchange can be initiated by the institution that disposes of information the institution that needs information the institution that manages the interoperability framework -electronic information exchanges take place on the base of a functional and technical interoperabilty framework that evolves permanently but gradually according to open market standards, and is independent from the methods of information exchange Information as resource: implications (ctd)

19. 19 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Information as resource: implications (ctd) n electronic exchange of information (ctd) -available information is used for the automatic granting of benefits, for prefilling when collecting information and for information delivery to the concerned persons

20. 20 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Information as resource: implications (ctd) n protection of information -security, integrity and confidentiality of government information will be ensured by integrating ICT measures with structural, organizational, physical, personnel screening and other security measures according to agreed policies -personal information is only used for purposes compatible with the purposes of the collection of the information -personal information is only accessible to authorized institutions and users according to business needs, legislative or policy requirement -the access authorisation to personal information is granted by an independent institution, after having checked whether the access conditions are met -the access authorizations are public

21. 21 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Information as resource: implications (ctd) n protection of information (ctd) -every concrete electronic exchange of personal information is preventively checked on compliance with the existing access authorisations by an independent institution managing the interoperability framework -every concrete electronic exchange of personal information is logged, to be able to trace possible abuse afterwards -every time information is used to take a decision, the used information is communicated to the concerned person together with the decision -every person has right to access and correct his own personal data

22. 22 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Changes of the legal environment n organization of integrated information management and electronic service delivery -functional task sharing on information management -obligation to respect unique data collection from the customer -obligation to exchange information in an electronic way -permission or obligation to use unique identification keys n harmonization of basic concepts n ICT-law: only basic principles, technology-neutral, but not technology unaware -data protection -public access to information -electronic signature -probative value

23. 23 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Interoperability framework n goal: to guarantee the ability of government organizations and customers to share information and integrate information and business processes by use of -interoperable ICT -common security framework -common identification keys/sets for every entity -harmonized concepts and data modelling

24. 24 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) ICT interoperability n examples on -www.govtalk.gov.uk and www.e-government.govt.nz (recent frameworks based on actual open ICT standards, to be implemented)www.govtalk.gov.ukwww.e-government.govt.nz -www.ksz.fgov.be (framework started in 1991 and implemented between 2.000 Belgian social security institutions, with unique gateway to foreign social security institutions within the EU, and continuously adapted to evolving and proven ICT standards with backwards compatibility)www.ksz.fgov.be n tendency to use of open ICT standards n but ICT is so dynamic and fast changing that ICT standards are in an almost constant state of evolution n huge need to agreements on how to ensure functional interoperability, far beyond technical interoperability

25. 25 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Functional ICT interoperability n standardized codification (e.g. institutions, return codes, …) n standardized use of objects and attributes n standardized layout of header of messages, independent from information exchange format (EDI, XML, …) and type of information exchange n version management n backwards compatibility n SLA’s on disponibility and performance of services n access autorisation management n anonimization rules n acceptation and production environments n priority management n …

26. 26 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Common security framework n issues -confidentiality -integrity -availability -authentication -autorisation -non-repudiation -audit

27. 27 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Common security framework (ctd) n specific points of interest -risk awareness based on risk analysis -security policies -structural and organisational aspects -encryption standards -interoperability of PKI electronic certificates –procedures (registration authority, certification authority) –difference between identification certificates and attribute certificates –attributes, optional fields revocation lists directories -application security

28. 28 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Common identification keys n at least common identification keys and identification sets for every entity -person -company -patch of ground n between nations -unique schemes -conversion tables n regulation of interconnection of information based on unique identification keys

29. 29 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Common identification keys (ctd) n characterictics -unicity one entity – one identification key same identification key is not assigned to several entities -exhaustivity every entity to be identified has an identification key -stability through time identification key doesn’t contain variable characterics of the identified entity identification key doesn’t contain references to the identification key or characteristics of other entities identification key doesn’t change when a quality or characteristic of the identified entity changes

30. 30 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Harmonized concepts and data model n harmonized concepts and datamodel: example on www.socialsecurity.be (best practice of combination of back office integration and e-portal solution in web- based survey on electronic public services by DG Information Society (European Commission) – January 2003) www.socialsecurity.be

31. 31 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Harmonized concepts and data model n standard elements -with well defined characteristics -used within all services n OO-oriented, e.g. inheritance in a multilingual environment n version management in an ever changing environment n define once, use many (different presentations) n workflow for validation of standard elements and characteristics n multi criteria search -by element -by scheme -by version -…

32. 32 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) A methodology to harmonize concepts n inventory of all documents (frequently) used for information collection n inventory of collected information n classification of collected information using a clustering methodology n decomposition of collected information into “real life” classes with description of the asked attributes n analysis of goals: what is every “real life” classes used for ? n setting up of simplification propositions (e.g. senseless different treatment of same “real life” object)

33. 33 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) A methodology to harmonize concepts (ctd) n based on the simplification propositions, framing out of an OO information model for information to be collected n design of XML-schema’s for the collecting of the information, corresponding to the OO information model n legislative adaptations in order to introduce the uniform definitions of the information classes n procedures in order to guarantee the consistency of the OO information model in an ever changing legal environment

34. 34 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Preventing digital divide n no creation of information haves and information have-nots n possible measures -promoting automatic granting of services -electronic services are (for the time being) considered as extra services, tradional services remain -access to electronic services in public places -role of intermediaries and front office organisations -education and life-long learning -promoting usability of portals and websites

35. 35 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Implementation in Belgian federal government n co-operation agreement between government levels n network of service integrators n towards integrated portal environments n unique identification keys for citizens and companies n electronic identity card n security framework n a case study: the Belgian social security sector

36. 36 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Co-operation agreement n co-operation agreement has been signed between federal government, regions and communities -co-ordinated, customer oriented service delivery -guarantee that a citizen/company can use the same tools terminal software electronic signature -guarantee of a unique data collection from the citizen/company -with respect for the partition of competences between government levels -agreements on common standards -mutual tuning of portals, middleware, websites and back offices -use of common identification keys and electronic signature -mutual tuning of business processes when necessary -gradual mutual task-sharing on data storage in authentic form -common policy on SLA’s and security

37. 37 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Network of service integrators Internet Extranet region or community Extranet region or community FedMAN Services repository FPS SSI Services repository Extranet social security SSI R/CPS Services repository Publilink Municipality Province Municipality Services repository Service integrator (Fedict) Service integrator (CBSS) Service integrator

38. 38 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Network of service integrators (ctd) n type of exchanged information -structured data -documents -images -multimedia -metadata -business processes n using web services

39. 39 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Network of service integrators (ctd) n useful functions of service integrators (FEDICT, CBSS, …) -secure messaging -business logic and work flow support -directory of authorized users and applications list of users and applications definition of authentication means and rules definition of authorization profiles –which service is accessible to which type of user/application for which persons/companies in which capacities in which situation and for which periods -directory of data subjects which persons/companies in which capacities have personal files in which institutions for which periods -subscription table which users/applications want to receive automatically which services in which situations for which persons in which capacities

40. 40 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Portal sites: actual situation

41. 41 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Portal sites: actual situation

42. 42 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Portal sites: actual situation customers citizens companies suppliers partners employees intermediaries PORTAL A single sign on personalization user groups multi-channel aggregation back-end systems, e.g. ERP groupware DB’s applications business intelligence content management directory PORTAL B single sign on personalization user groups multi-channel aggregation back-end systems, e.g. ERP groupware DB’s applications content management business intelligence directory

43. 43 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Portal sites (ctd) n need to strike the right balance between roles in delivering e-government services: not a single, but many one-stop shops (public and private) Government ASP’s Leading portals Local service providers Banks Associations … Government own portals Government-hosted community sites Content and Services PublicPrivate Public Channel PPP Source: Andrea Di Maio - Gartner

44. 44 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Portal sites (ctd) n public institutions need to concentrate on core activities, such as -information modular up to date information blocks concerning public services with standardized metadata based on standardized thesauri in generally accessible content management systems with separation between content and metadata (reuse, don’t rewrite) that can be submitted to automatical re-indexation -transactions applications that can be easily integrated in private or public portal sites

45. 45 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Portal sites (ctd) n public portals should have added value -integration of services information work flow based on life events of the customers integration with work flow of customers -coordinated basic services for own customers single sign on ticketing logging notification service … -multi channel enabling -citizen/company relation management -contact center

46. 46 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Portal sites: to be situation customers citizens companies suppliers partners employees intermediaries PORTAL B single sign on personalization user groups multi-channel aggregation back-end systems, e.g. ERP groupware DB’s applications content management business intelligence PORTAL A single sign on personalization user groups multi-channel aggregation back-end systems, e.g. ERP groupware DB’s applications business intelligence content management directory

47. 47 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Unique identification keys n citizens -generalization of the use of the social security number (national register number or CBSS-number) -(electronically) readable from the electronic identity card -controlled access to basic identification data in National Register and CBSS n companies -unique company number (based on VAT-number) -unique number for every plant of business -generalized access to basic identification data in Company Register n regulation on data interconnection

48. 48 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Electronic identity card

49. 49 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Electronic identity card n retained functions -visual and electronic identification of the holder -electronic authentication of the holder via the technique of the digital signature -generation of electronic signature via the technique of the digital signature (non repudiation) -(currently) no encryption certificates -no biometric data (yet) -no electronic purse -only identification data storage

50. 50 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Electronic identity card n from a visual point of view, the same information is visible as on the current identity card -the name -the first two Christian names -the first letter of the third Christian name -the nationality -the birth place and date -the sex -the place of delivery of the card -the begin and end data of the validity of the card -the denomination and number of the card -the photo of the holder -the signature of the holder -the identification number of the National Register

51. 51 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Electronic identity card n from an electronic point of view, the chip contains the same information as printed on the card, filled up with -the authentication and electronic signature keys -the authentication and electronic signature certificates -the accredited certification service furnisher -information necessary for authentication of the card and securization of the electronic data -the main residence of the holder n SUN JavaCard™

52. 52 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Organization model n government has chosen a card producer and certification authority issuing the identity certificates as a result of a public call for tenders n the municipality calls the holder for the issuing of the electronic identity card n the municipality acts as registration authority for 2 certificates: authentication and electronic signature n 2 key pairs are generated within the card at production time and the private keys are stored within the chip of the card

53. 53 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Organization model (ctd) n the 2 certificates are created by the certification authority, but published only when the holder agrees n the use of the private keys within the chip needs an activation of the card by a municipal official using his PUK2 and the PUK1 sent to the holder n first authentication within one session (first private key) and every generation of an electronic signature (second private key) requires the PIN code of the holder n the second private keys and the identity certificate on the electronic identity card can be used to generate an electronic signature within the scope of E-government applications which require such a signature

54. 54 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Organization model (ctd) n the electronic identity card contains the necessary space to store other private keys associated to attribute certificates that holder can obtain at the certification authority of his choice

55. 55 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Authentication log on to web sites (SSO) container park library access control …

56. 56 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Electronic signature 1. Receive message 3. Check CRL/OCSP 5. Fetch public key 7. Compute reference hash 2. Inspect certificate 4. Check certificate 6. Fetch signature 8. Hash, signature, public key match? Matching triplet? CRL Alice hash Bob 3, 4 2 1 7 6 5 8 1. Compose message3. Generate signature5. Collect certificate 2. Compute hash4. Collect signature6. Send message Alice hash Alice 1 2 3 54 6

57. 57 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Labeling procedure n card readers and applications n creating -trust for citizens -a legal basis for the government -branding for enterprises n based on industry standards : n currently being worked out in cooperation with CBSS and Banksys

58. 58 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Electronic identity card toolkits n two toolkits are under development : -GUI + PKCS#11 libraries : reading, printing, validating and visualising the contents of the chip -authentication proxy : easy authentication on multiple platforms n purpose is to hide internal card changes n labeling should be straightforward if applications use toolkits n both toolkits are free of charge n distribution through federal portal (http://www.belgium.be/fedict  Projecten  eID) RELEASED

59. 59 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) The sky is the limit ! home banking, online opening of accounts, … proof of membership SSO, … healthcare driver’s licence student cards, e-learning, … … e-commerce

60. 60 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Current status pilot phase (1/6) Over 49,000 cards distributed

61. 61 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Planning Q1 2004Q2 2004Q3 2004Q4 2004Q1 2005 DECISION DECISION Pilot phase Target groups Evaluation pilot phase Continuous advise from and support to enterprises, citizens and authorities Installation in municipalities (578) Gradual roll-out eID Elections Negociations 13/620/3

62. 62 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Security framework n issues -confidentiality -integrity -availability -authentication -autorisation -non-repudiation -audit n measures -institutional measures -organizational and technical measures based on (extended) ISO 17799 -legal measures

63. 63 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Security framework: institutional measures n no central data storage n independent Control Committees, assigned by Parliament -supervision of information security -authorizing the data exchange -complaint handling -information security recommendations -extensive investigating powers -annual activity report n preventive control on legitimacy of data exchange by service integrator according to authorizations of the independent Control Committees n information security department in each government institution n specialized information security service providers n working party on information security

64. 64 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Security framework: extended ISO 17799 n security policy n security organization n asset classification and control n personnel security n physical and environmental security n computer and operations management n access control n system development and maintenance n specific measures with regard to the processing of personal data n business continuity planning n compliance n communication towards the public opinion concerning the security policy and the measures with regard to security and privacy protection

65. 65 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Security framework: legal measures n obligations of the controller -principles relating to data quality -criteria for making data processing legitimate -specific rules for processing of sensitive data -information to be given to the data subject -confidentiality and security of processing -notification of the processing of personal data n rights of the data subject -right of information -right of access -right of rectification, erasure or blocking -right of a judicial remedy n penalties

66. 66 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) A case study: Belgian social security sector n principles have been implemented under co- ordination of the Crossroads Bank for Social Security, in co-operation with 2.000 public and private social security institutions n functional and technical interoperability framework is functioning -between these institutions -between these institutions and all employers n every socially insured person has a unique identification key throughout the whole social security sector and an electronically readable social identity card containing this identification key

67. 67 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Interoperability within social security onem inami cimire onp ossom onva fmp fat adp onafts cpsm inasti onssapl onss spf ss spf e & t fonds de séc. exist. Crossroads Bank for Social Security FEDICT & National Register sickness funds network

68. 68 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Reference directory n serves as a base for organization of information flows n structure -directory of persons: what persons in what capacities have personal files in what social security institutions for what periods -data availability table: what data are available in what social security institutions for what types of files -access authorization table: what data may be transmitted to what institutions for what types of files n functions -routing of information -preventive access control -automatic communication of changes to information

69. 69 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Information servers n information servers -directory of persons of the Crossroads Bank -National Register -Crossroads Bank Registers -work force register -wages and working time database (LATG) of the ONSS -employers directory (WGR) of the ONSS -database of contribution certificates -SIS-card and professional card registers n services offered -interactive consultation -batch consultation -automatic communication of updates

70. 70 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) National Register - CBSS Registers - past situation National Register Municipalities

71. 71 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) National Register - CBSS Registers – present situation National Register Municipalities

72. 72 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Preprocessed messages n preprocessed messages -beginning/end of labour contract, beginning/end of self-employed activity -contribution certificates medical care (employees, self-employed, beneficiaries of social security allowances) -unemployment benefits – career break -allowances for incapacity for work (health care, accidents at work, occupational disease) -young unemployed -allowances to the handicapped -guaranteed income – social support -people suffering from long-term illness -social exemption -fiscal exemption -derived rights (e.g. tax reduction/exemption, free public transport,...) -special contribution for social security -solidarity contribution on old age pensions -migrant workers -…

73. 73 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Preprocessed messages n services offered: -batch consultation -automatic communication of messages

74. 74 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) ONSS INAMI Employer Employees Sickness funds Control Contribution certificate health care sector – past situation

75. 75 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) INAMI Control KSZ-BCSS ONSS Employer Employees Sickness funds Contribution certificate health care sector - present situation

76. 76 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Derived rights in tax affairs n a number of people are entitled to an increased refund of the costs for medical care n moreover, a number of municipalities and provinces grant these persons reductions or even exemptions of the taxes

77. 77 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Sickness fund Derived rights in tax affairs - past situation

78. 78 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) CBSS sickness funds network Derived rights in tax affairs - present situation

79. 79 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Some figures n 339.137.455 exchanged messages in 2003 n 15,1 million different persons known in directory of persons n on an average, every person is known in 6,6 sectors n response time on-line messages question CBSS question answer 96,1 % in < 1 sec 99,8 % in < 2 sec 99,2 % in < 4 sec

80. 80 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Interoperability outside social security Backbone Internet FW R R FedMAN R R R R FW R R Access servers Internet services R R FW R R R R R Crossroads bank for social security FW R R Other extranets Publilink

81. 81 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Social security portal

82. 82 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Integrated service delivery n common basic services (e.g. single sign on, notification n information n several categories of transactions -transactions at the beginning or the end of employment (DIMONA) -quarterly declaration of wages and working time -transactions when a social risk occurs -transactions in order to manage information about yourself -transactions in order to control the quality of the service delivery process -...

83. 83 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Integrated service delivery (ctd) n harmonized concepts n harmonized data model and XML-schemes n self-service and personalization n customer relation management n contact center

84. 84 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Work force register Data- base Special work force register Indivudual document Students contract Inspection Employment contract Simplification On line consultation ONSS Work force register Transactions at beginning/end of employment

85. 85 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Immediate declaration of employment n can only be done electronically via -social security portal -FTP/MQSeries -interbanking network -vocal server n 24/7 n offers the employer a key to on-line consultation and correction -of the database on employment -by using a electronic certificate, of the database concerning wages and working time and other derived databases -concerning his employees and the period of employment

86. 86 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Quarterly declaration wages & working time ONSS ONPONVA Employer old age pension holiday pay CBSS ONEMINAMI ONAFTS FATFMP Simplification Activiteit 3 Activiteit 2 Activiteit 1 one electronic declaration

87. 87 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Quarterly declaration wages & working time n can only be done electronically via -social security portal -FTP/MQSeries -interbanking network n 24/7 n can, by using an electronic certificate -be consulted and corrected on-line by the employer -concerning his employees and the period of employment

88. 88 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Electronical declaration of social risks n past situation: multiple collection of information by using various, complex, not co-ordinated paper forms

89. 89 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Electronical declaration of social risks n actual situation -limitation of the collected information to the information not yet available at other public services (abolition or at least significant simplification of forms) -unique collection of information from the employer -in a standardized way across all social security institutions -can be done on paper or electronically (24/7) via social security portal FTP/MQSeries interbanking network -uniform instructions

90. 90 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Operational transactions n quarterly multifunctional declaration of wages and working times to the National Office for Social Security (NOSS) n correction of the quarterly declaration to the NOSS n DIMONA-declaration n consultation of the work force register n consultation of the directory of employers n integrated electronical declaration of building yards n consultation of overdue payments of social security contributions by an employer n declaration of temporary employment of foreign employees in Belgium n declaration of temporary unemployment n consultation of the holiday database n declaration of an industrial accident, monthly report and resumption of work after an industrial accident

91. 91 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Operational transactions n declaration of the beginning of a part-time job with retention of rights to unemployment benefits (unemployment sector) -private sector -education, municipalities or provinces n monthly declaration of part-time work for the calculation of guaranteed income payments (unemployment sector) -private sector -education, municipalities or provinces n monthly submission of work as an employee employed in a protected workplace (unemployment sector) n monthly submission of work in the framework of an activation programme (unemployment sector) n declaration for the establishment of young people’s vacation rights (unemployment sector) n monthly declaration of young people’s vacation hours (unemployment sector) n annual submission of temporary unemployment n monthly submission of hours of temporary unemployment n authorized request for the temporary removal of a pregnant employee (sector of professional diseases)

92. 92 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Further evolution n beginning 2005 -application for unemployment benefits -declaration of fulltime or half-time early retirement -declaration of the removal of a pregnant employee n at a date still to be fixed -electronic data exchange between sickness funds and employers necessary to deal with an application for benefits in case of incapacity for work, maternity leave, complete or partial leave from work as a measure to protect motherhood, leave for fatherhood -declaration of resumption of work after a period of incapacity for work -declaration of an employee’s holiday days -declaration of extension post-natal leave

93. 93 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Critical success factors n E-government as a structural reform process -process re-engineering within and across public institutions -back-office integration for automatic granting of services -integrated and personalized front-office service delivery n support of and access to policymakers at the highest level n co-operation between all actors concerned based on repartition of tasks rather than centralization of tasks n quick wins combined with long term vision n focus on more efficient and effective service delivery rather than on the fight against fraud n respect for legal repartition of competences between actors n legal framework n creation of an institution that stimulates and co-ordinates

94. 94 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Most important barriers n privacy and security n average public sector project is more complex than average private sector project, due to -interaction with a larger number of stakeholders (elected officials, public employees, members of interest groups, voters, tax payers, recipients of public services, other governmental institutions, other government levels, …) -execution in a less stable environment n complexity of BPR in a government environment n race for quick wins (cf surveymania) doesn’t stimulate development of well conceived systems based on re- engineering

95. 95 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Most important barriers n public sector tends, perhaps for reason of prestige, to favour tailor-made, high-risk, state-of-the-art solutions even when alternative, off-the-shelf, cheap, tried and tested systems are available n in the public sector, there is typically no financial margin of value to be added by innovation n intermediaries often perceive e-government as a threat n skills and knowledge

96. 96 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) Most important barriers n need for radical cultural change within government, e.g. -from hierarchy to participation and team work -meeting the needs of the customer, not the government -empowering rather than serving -rewarding entrepreneurship within government -ex post evaluation on output, not ex ante control of every input

97. 97 17/06/2004 Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT) More info n FEDICT http://www.fedict.be n Crossroads Bank for Social Security http://www.ksz.fgov.be n portal sites -federal portal: http://www.belgium.behttp://www.belgium.be -social security portal: https://www.socialsecurity.behttps://www.socialsecurity.be n personal website -http://www.law.kuleuven.ac.be/icri/frobbenhttp://www.law.kuleuven.ac.be/icri/frobben

98. Th@nk you ! Crossroads Bank for Social Security Federal Public Service for ICT (FEDICT)