1. The Scottish Diet: An update
Emma Schneider, Research Assistant, British Nutrition Foundation
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation

2. © 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
In this presentation we will look at:
The Scottish Dietary Goals;
Scottish Health Survey;
National Diet and Nutrition Survey;
Using dietary information in the classroom.
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation

3. Scottish Dietary Goals
May 2013:
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: Scottish Dietary Goals, 2013

4. © 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: Scottish Dietary Goals, 2013

5. © 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: Scottish Dietary Goals, 2013

6. © 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation

7. © 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation

8. Scottish Health Survey
Provides a detailed picture of the health of the Scottish population
, with a report being published each year of the survey.
Key survey topics included in 2012 were:
mental health and wellbeing;
cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes;
eating habits, including fruit and vegetable consumption;
smoking and drinking;
physical activity;
dental health;
gambling behaviour.
The Scottish Health Survey 2012 edition:
Uses of the Scottish Health Survey video:
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation

9. Children and physical activity
The difference between genders is statistically significant - boys are more active than girls.
Activity levels tend to decline with increasing age.
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: Scottish Health Survey 2012, 2013

10. © 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Child obesity
Total children 2-15 (%)
Boys 2-15
(%)
Girls 2-15
At risk of underweight
1.9
1.4
2.3
Healthy weight
67.5
64.9
70.3
At risk of overweight
13.8
13.9
13.7
At risk of obesity
16.8
19.7
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: Scottish Health Survey 2012, 2013

11. © 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Child obesity
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: Scottish Health Survey 2012, 2013

12. © 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Adult obesity
In 2012, almost two-thirds (64.3%) of adults were classified as overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2).
In 2012, mean BMI was 27.3 kg/m2.
Men were more likely than women to be overweight including obese (68.2% compared with 60.4% of women).
Prevalence of overweight including obese varied with age.
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: Scottish Health Survey 2012, 2013

13. Child fruit and vegetable consumption
Average of 2.7 portions of fruit and vegetables per day
Girls consumed an average of 0.4 portions more per day than boys (2.9 compared with 2.5 portions).
Clear association with fruit and vegetable intake and age.
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: Scottish Health Survey 2012, 2013

14. © 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (NDNS RP) Years 1-4 (combined) for Scotland
Continuous programme of fieldwork designed to assess the diet, nutrient intake and nutritional status of the general population.
Carried out on behalf of FSA Scotland and PHE
Report covers a range of topics including food consumption, use of dietary supplements, intakes of energy, macronutrients, micronutrients and biochemical measures of nutrition status as well as BMI, blood pressure and blood cholesterol.
First time representative data from NDNS RP has been available for Scotland.
The results will support work to facilitate improvements to the diet and nutritional status of children and adults in Scotland.
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: NDNS RP (Scotland), 2014

15. Scotland NDNS and healthy eating recommendations
Food/nutrient
Recommendation
Children
(11-18)
Adults
(19-64)
Older adults (65+)
Fruit and veg
At least 5 A DAY ×
Oily fish
1 portion/week
Total fat
No more than 35% food energy 
Saturated fatty acids
No more than 11% food energy
Trans fatty acids
No more than 1% food energy
Non-milk extrinsic sugars
Fibre (NSP)
At least 18g/day
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: NDNS RP (Scotland), 2014

16. Comparisons between UK and Scotland
NDNS RP survey years and age groups
Scotland Years 1-4 combined
UK Years 1-4 combined
1.5-3
4-10
11-18
19-64
65+
‘5 a day portions’
(portions/d) -
2.7
3.8
4.4
2.9
4.1**
4.6
Fruit (g/d)
123
108 64 93
135
109 61
100
Vegetable (g/d) 65 78
161
172
72*
97**
112*
183**
186
Oil rich fish (g/d) 1 2 6 9 8
13*
Red and processed meat (g/d) 31 48 59 72 63 30 45 60 71 73
Total fat % food energy
34.4
33.8 34 35
35.2
34.0
33.4
34.6
35.4
Saturated fatty acids % food energy
14.9
13.4
12.8
12.9
13.9
14.7
13.2
12.5
12.6
13.8
Trans fatty acids % food energy
0.7
0.6
0.8
0.7*
NMES % food energy
12.0
14.8
15.4
11.5
11.9
15.6
12.1
NSP
8.3
10.5
13.0
8.2
11.1**
11.8
13.7**
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: NDNS RP (Scotland), 2014

17. © 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
5 A DAY
SDG - Average intake of a variety of fruit and vegetable intake to reach at least 5 portions/day (>400g)
Children years, mean consumption was 2.7 portions per day (10% meeting their 5 A DAY)
Adults years, mean consumption was 3.4 portions per day (25% meeting their 5 A DAY)
Adults 65 and over, mean consumption was 4.4 portions per day (37% meeting their 5 A DAY)
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: NDNS RP (Scotland), 2014

18. © 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Oily fish
Oil rich fish consumption to increase to one portion (140g) per week
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: NDNS RP (Scotland), 2014

19. © 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Saturated fatty acids
Percentage contribution of food groups to average daily saturated fat intake (g) in year olds in Scotland
Buns, cakes, pastries and fruit pies
Chicken, turkey and dishes
Pasta, rice, pizza and other miscellaneous cereals
Butter
Biscuits 4% 4% 5% 5%
10%
Sausages
Beef, veal and dishes 4%
Chocolate confectionary
Cheese 4% 8% 7%
Chips, fried and roast potatoes and potato products
Meat pies and pastries
Whole and semi skimmed milk 4% 4% 9%
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: NDNS RP (Scotland), 2014

20. Non starch-polysaccharides
Percentage contribution of food groups to average non starch-polysaccharide intake (g) in year olds in Scotland
Vegetables (not raw) including vegetable dishes
Pasta, rice, pizza and other miscellaneous cereals
High fibre breakfast cereals
Chips, fried and roast potatoes and potato products 5% 9%
11%
11%
Other potatoes, potato salad and potato dishes
Fruit
White bread
Savoury snacks 7%
12% 5% 5%
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: NDNS RP (Scotland), 2014

21. Micronutrient intakes and status
This table shows nutrients of concern for some groups in Scotland, either because intakes are low or because of evidence of low status.
Low intake*
Low status**
Folate
Iron
Riboflavin
Vitamin D
Calcium
Magnesium
Potassium
Zinc
Selenium
Iodine
* ‘Low intake’ is defined as intakes less than the Lower Reference Nutrient Intake (LRNI). Low intakes over a period of time may adversely affect health.
** ‘Low status’ of a micronutrient usually means that body stores or tissue levels are depleted and the individual is at greater risk of deficiency.
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: NDNS RP (Scotland), 2014

22. Population groups at risk of iron deficiency anaemia
In Scotland, substantial numbers of girls aged and women aged have low iron intakes and so are at risk of iron deficiency anaemia.
Evidence from blood tests indicate that 3.1% of girls years, 3.0% of women years and 5.2% of women 65 years and over have iron deficiency anaemia.
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: NDNS RP (Scotland), 2014

23. Population groups at risk of Vitamin D deficiency
In Scotland, there was evidence of low vitamin D status in a proportion of participants in all reported age/sex groups, which was similar to the UK. For children aged 11 to 18 years, adults aged 19 to 64 years and adults aged 65 years and over, 26.1%, 32.5% and 29.4% respectively had a 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentration below the current threshold indicating vitamin D adequacy (25nmol/L).
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: NDNS RP (Scotland), 2014

24. Estimated salt intakes
NDNS age group
RNI (mmol sodium per day)
Maximum recommended salt intake (g per day)
Estimated salt intake (g per day)
4 to 6 years 30 3 -
7 to 10 years 50 5
4.9
11 to 18 years 70 6
6.7
19 to 64 years
Men – 9.4
Women – 7.0
65 years and over
7.3
At least 44% of the participants in each of the age groups excreted more sodium per day than the recommended maximum salt intake for their age group.
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: NDNS RP (Scotland), 2014

25. © 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Sodium (salt) intakes
Percentage contribution of food groups to sodium intake (g) in year olds in Scotland. Sodium intake from the diet is underestimated in this survey as it only includes sodium in food and does not include the addition of salt during cooking or at the table.
Bacon and ham
Chicken, turkey and dishes
Pasta, rice, pizza and other miscellaneous cereals
White bread
Cheese
13% 4% 6% 5%
11%
Soup (manufactured/retail and homemade)
Sausages
Savoury sauces, pickles, gravies and condiments
Savoury snacks 5% 4% 4% 4%
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: NDNS RP (Scotland), 2014

26. © 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Dietary Inequalities
For adults aged 19 to 64 years there was a pattern of ↓consumption of both fruit and vegetables, ↑ consumption of ‘soft drinks, non-diet’, ↓ NSP intake and ↑ percentage of energy from NMES with lower income and higher deprivation. For children aged 11 to 18 years, the pattern was similar with the exception of fruit consumption and percentage of energy from NMES which was not statistically significant.
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation
Source: NDNS RP (Scotland), 2014

27. Using the data in the classroom
Research the nutrition and dietary issues in a certain population group
Design a food product/meal focused on a particular nutrient concern (e.g. folate in year old girls)
Comparing their own diets with that of the Scottish population (e.g. class 5 A DAY survey)
Creating posters/leaflets to help support the population in achieving the Scottish Dietary Goals (e.g. ways to reduce saturated fat intake)
Comparing the diet of the Scottish population with other countries.
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation

28. Links to further information
Scottish Dietary Goals Scottish Health Survey FSA Scotland eatwell everyday NDNS Report (Scotland) NDNS Report (UK) Food Standards Agency Scotland – Nutrition British Nutrition Foundation
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation

29. Thank you for listening!
© 2014 The British Nutrition Foundation