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Published byAnnabella Doyle Modified over 9 years ago
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Types of Mammals NB #161
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2 Main Groups: Prototheria: monotremes Theria: marsupials & placentals
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Monotremes Egg laying mammals ◦ Retain eggs in their bodies for an extended time 5 species: duck-billed platypus & 4 species of echidnas (spiny anteaters) Short-beaked echidnaduck-billed platypus
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Monotremes “Monotreme”– means “single opening” ◦ They have a cloaca instead of an anus, urethra, & vagina Live in Australia & New Guinea No nipples- excrete milk through mammary glands in the skin ◦ Display parental care
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Monotremes Lack teeth as adults (have molars as young) Spur in the ankle- produces powerful venom in the male platypus Bill on the head functions in electroreception Platypus video
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Marsupials (metatherians) Young are carried in a pouch Includes kangaroos, koalas, oppossums, wombats, & the Tasmanian devil kangaroo Tasmanian devil koala
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Marsupials Most live in Australia & New Guinea ◦ We have one here…. Do you know what it is? Young are born early and then climb into their mother’s pouch to fully develop * The placenta does not develop Kangaroo baby * Young are called “joeys”
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Placental Mammals Give birth to live and developed young * Nourish young with a placenta (organ developed during pregnancy for gas exchange, waste elimination, & nutrient uptake) Includes elephants, manatees, anteaters, cattle, whales, badgers, dogs, & humans
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Placental Mammals With the exception of the opossum, all mammals native to North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia are placental mammals (eutherians)
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Placental Mammals Wide opening at the bottom of the pelvis for large, well-developed offspring
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Placental Mammals Hippopotamus- large herbivores in sub- Saharan Africa ◦ Closely related to whales ◦ Spend most of their lives in water ◦ Very aggressive- one of the most dangerous animals in Africa (humans are their only predators)
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Placental Mammals Elephant- largest land animal ◦ Large proposcis modified into a trunk (mostly used for grabbing items) ◦ Incisors grow into tusks used for digging and fighting
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Placental Mammals Tigers- largest cat species & third largest land carnivore (behind polar bear & brown bear) ◦ Now highly endangered due to fur poaching
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Placental Mammals Blue whale- largest animal to ever exist on Earth (98 feet long & 170 tonnes) ◦ Teeth modified into large plates called “baleen”– eat tiny krill ◦ Endangered due to whaling
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Placental Mammals Manatees- also called sea cows ◦ Large aquatic herbivores Known to wipe out plants from an entire area ◦ Slow moving- often killed by boats ◦ Sailors used to confuse manatees with mermaids
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Placental Mammals Primates- lemurs, bush babies, monkeys, gibbons, gorillas, chimpanzees, & humans Opposable digits on the feet and/or hands Humans- adapted an upright posture, ability to use and manipulate tools, bipedal locomotion, & highly complex brains ◦ Homo sapiens- our scientific name!! (evolved as early as 195,000 years ago)
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