1. Essence、Qi 、Blood and body fluids
Lecturer: QU Hongyan

2. Objects Basic concepts Generation, functions and movement of qi
Production, distribution and functions of blood
Relationships among qi, blood, essence and body fluids

3. Essence
In a broad sense, it refers to the basic material to form and sustain life activities of the human body.
In a narrow sense, it refers to the kidney essence which is the basic material to promote the growth, development and reproductive function of the human body.

4. General term for innate essence and acquired essence
Reproductive essence
Visceral essence

5. Generation of essence The embryo From parents Innate essence Essence
Acquired essence
The spleen and stomach
From food

6. Functions of essence Growth and development
Reproduction
Growth and development
Generating marrow and blood
Nourishing the body

7. Metabolism of essence reproduction Innate essence Visceral Essence
Supporting
life
reproduction
Innate
essence
Visceral
essence
Essence
Moistening
and nourishing
viscera
Acquired
essence
Transform qi,
blood and
spirit
generation
storing
discharging

8. Concept of qi concrete material
Qi is the vigorous and refined material and the most basic material to form and sustain life activities of the human body.
concrete material
Functional activities Qi

9. Geneation of qi
innate qi
Qi food essence（▲）
clear qi 氣

10. Movement of qi Ascending (e.g. spleen qi) Descending (e.g. stomach qi)
Exiting
Entering

11. Reversed
flow of qi Qi
stagnation
Qi sinking
Imbalance of
qi movement
Qi blockage
Qi prostration

12. Functions of qi Promoting Warming Defending Consolidating
Qi transformation

13. Classification and distribution of qi
Inherited from
parents generated by
Kidney essence
Original qi
Innate qi
Qi of the
whole body
Pectoral qi
Visceral qi
Meridian qi
Clear qi
Acquired qi
Nutritive qi
Food essence
Defensive qi

14. Original qi
Also known as primitive qi, it is the primary force of life activities.
[Generation]
Inherited from parents, stored in kidneys and nourished by acquired essence.
[Functions]
Promote growth and development of the human body, warming and stimulating viscera, meridians and constituents

15. Pectoral qi It is the qi accumulated inside the chest. [Generation]
It is transformed from the food essence generated by the spleen and stomach and clear qi inhaled by the lung.
[Functions]
It governs the heart and lung and governs respiration and circulating blood and qi.

16. Blood
Blood is the red fluid circulating inside vessels with functions of nourishing and moistening, and also the basic material to form and sustain life activities.

17. Generation of blood Blood is consist of nutritive qi and body fluid.
The two sources of blood are food essence and kidney essence.

18. Blood Liver Clear qi Nutritive qi Heart and vessels Body fluid
Lung qi
Qi of spleen
and stomach
Nutritive qi
Food
Food
essence
Heart qi
Heart and
vessels
Body
fluid
Kidney
essence
Blood
Liver
Kidney qi
marrow

19. Circulation of blood
Blood circulate spread the whole body ceaselessly like an endless ring.
There are two factors to ensure the circulation of blood.
Integrated and smooth vasculature
Viscera especially heart, liver, spleen, lung function normally

20. Functions of blood 1、Nourishing the whole body
blood deficiency sallow complexion, dizziness, lusterless skin and hair, numb limbs, emaciation, etc.
2、Nourishing the mental activities
blood deficiency palpitation, insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, fidget and even coma.

21. Body fluids
Body fluids are the general terms for all the normal water inside the human body.
Jin (the clear part)
Ye( the turbid part)

22. Relationship and differences between Jin and Ye
Both generated from food by the spleen and stomach, iner-transformation。
Jin Ye
Diluted, highly fluid
In the skin, muscles and orifices
mositening
Dense, lower fluid
Perfusing into viscera, joints and marrow
Nourishing and lubricating

23. Metabolism of body fluids
It refers to the complicated physiological process including generation, distribution of body fluids and discharge of left fluid and waste, which involves coordination of various visceral functions( especially spleen, lung and kidney.)

24. Generation Body fluids Accepting and digesting food to separate the
clear from the
turbid
Small
intestine
Spleen and
Stomach’s
digesting
Body fluids
Food
Transporting
and transforming,
absorb water
Large
intestine

25. Distribution
After generation, body fluids distribute inside the human body through cooperation among the spleen, lung, kidneys, liver and triple energizer.

26. Spleen qi send up the body fluids to the lung
Triple energizer is the
passage and liver
regulates qi
movement
Lung governs dispersing
and descending
Transformation function of
Kidney qi

27. Relationships among essence, qi,
blood and body fluids

28. Relationship between essence and qi
Essence generating qi
Innate essence and acquired essence combine and distribute to viscera to nourish qi of viscera and promote generation of qi.
Qi promoting essence generation
Essence generation depends on transforming function of viscera.
Food can transform
into essence
Sufficient qi of
Spleen and stomach
Normal and active
digestion and
absorption
Qi consolidating essence

29. Relationship between essence and blood
Essence can generate blood and blood generating essence, so it is said that homogeny of blood and essence.
generates
Blood
Essence
generates

30. Relationship between qi and blood
Qi pertains to yang, active, with functions of warming and promoting
Blood pertains to yin, still, with functions of nourishing and moistening
differences
same points
Both originated from the food essence generated by spleen and stomach and essence stored in kidneys
“the relationship usually generalized as qi being the general of blood and blood being the mother of qi

31. Affection of qi on blood
Qi generating blood
Qi transformation is the promotive force for blood generation
Food and
water
Food essence
Nutritive qi
and body fluids
Blood
Movement and change of qi
Qi circulating blood
Qi consolidating blood

32. Affection of blood on qi
Blood generating qi
It means that blood can supplement qi of the human body, blood circulates in the whole body to supplement nutrition to visceral qi to maintain it in a vigorous state.
Blood transporting qi
It means that qi is inside blood and circulates inside human body depending on blood. Blood is the vehicle of qi.

33. Relationship between qi and body fluids
Qi generating body fluids
It means that qi transformation can promote generation of body fluids.
Food essence
Body fluids
Spleen and stomach
Promoting of qi and
qi transformation
Qi circulating body fluids
Qi consolidating body fluids

34. Relationship between blood and body fluids
Body fluids and blood share the same source.
Permeates out vessels
Blood
Body
fluids
Permeate into tertiary vessels

35. Thanks!