1. Donna Speidel, President, Sightline Airport Marking Consultants Planning and Design for Airfield Markings March 3, 2011 34 th Annual Airports Conference

2. Sightline, LC (Airport Marking Consultants) is the author of the Airfield Marking Handbook. The project was administered by the Innovative Pavement Research Foundation under a Cooperative Research Agreement with the Federal Aviation Administration

3. Objectives of the handbook 2. What constitutes a “quality” marking? 3. When is a marking functional and when is it “unsafe”? is it “unsafe”? 4. What is a good application v. a poor one? 1.What can be done to increase the life-cycle of airfield markings?

4. Handbook Contents 2. Materials Commonly Used. 3. Surface Preparation. 4. Pavement Marking Removal. 1.Specification Development for Construction and Maintenance. 5. Application Procedures. 6. Inspection. 7. Certification of Applicators.

5. Chapter 2 – Project Design

6. 1.New Airfield Markings. Project Specifications Two basic project types: 2. Maintenance of Existing Markings.

7. 1.Assess environment for material selection. New Airfield Markings 2. Determine type of equipment 2. Determine type of equipment required. required. 3. Quality control plan. Address stages of work.

8. 1.Assess environment for material selection. New Airfield Markings b. Hot, dry, high UV exposure. c. Cold, wet. d. Freezing, snow, ice. f. Rust deposits. g. Heavy aircraft, old aircraft, amount of traffic, nighttime operations. e. Time of year for marking application. a. Warm, humid, damp.

9. 1.Assess environment for material selection. New Airfield Markings 2. Determine type of equipment required. a. Size of project. b. Type of markings. c. Type of surface preparation needed. d. Degree of paint removal required. e. Schedule requirements for project.

10. 1.Assess environment for material selection. New Airfield Markings 2. Determine type of equipment required. 3. Quality control plan. Address stages of work: a. Material certification and testing. b. Material/equipment calibration and test strips. c. Surface Preparation and/or Paint Removal. d. Application. e. Inspection.

11. Markings If a sign is unlit or broken, it gets replaced. If a taxiway light is malfunctioning, it gets fixed. But how do you know when the markings are “broken”? “broken”? Maintenance of Existing Markings Signs Lights

13. 2. Design scope of work. 1.Visit the airport to assess (audit) current conditions. Maintenance of Existing Markings. 3. Determine surface preparation or marking removal requirements. 4. Specify the right materials for the environment. 5. Develop budgetary estimate. Only fix what’s broken.

14. Airport Marking Audit  Develop three-year maintenance plan.  Marking Condition Index (MCI©) Compliance Visibility (Effectiveness) Durability (Longevity)  Develop tailored specifications for each phase.  Develop budgetary estimates.

17. FAA Call to Action Quality Application = “enhanced” All the efforts to increase visibility with black borders, glass beads and new designs are futile if markings are not applied well, and it begins with concise specifications and GOOD inspection techniques. Enhanced airfield markings

18. Need for Performance Criteria Reflectivity levels at installation.  Specify results to be achieved. Clean surface. Degree of removal (if any).  AC 150/5370-10E Minimum criteria “Uniform” (Appendix A)

19. Marking System Good Inspection Quality Glass Beads Quality Application Quality CoatingSurface Preparation

21. Improved Industry Standard  Proper surface preparation is first step toward quality markings.  Paint removal should be specified at a degree of removal relative to the purpose for removal.  Materials should be selected based on the airport needs and environment.  Higher performance standards must be implemented.  Tailor specifications to airport environment.

22.  Certification of personnel applying airfield markings must become a standard.  Maintenance criteria must be established.  Markings must be recognized for the measure of safety they can provide.  Attention to the details of application must be enforced. Improved Industry Standard

23. www.sightline.us Airfield Marking Symposiums : Dallas, TX – May 9-11, 2011 Boston, MA – July 11-13, 2011 Reno, NV – Sep 12-14, 2011 Kansas City, MO – Oct 18-20, 2011