1. Physics 101: Lecture 22 Simple Harmonic Motion
Today’s lecture will cover Textbook Sections 1

2. Review: Ideal Springs
Hooke’s Law: The force exerted by a spring is proportional to the distance the spring is stretched or compressed from its relaxed position.
FX = -k x Where x is the displacement from the relaxed position and k is the constant of proportionality. (often called “spring constant”)
relaxed position
FX = - kx < 0 x
x > 0
x=0

3. Review: Simple Harmonic Motion
Uniform circular motion <-> Motion of an object attached to an ideal spring
Period = T (seconds per cycle)
Frequency = f = 1/T (cycles per second)
Angular frequency =  = 2f = 2/T

4. Simple Harmonic Motion: Quick Review
x(t) = [A]cos(t)
v(t) = -[A]sin(t)
a(t) = -[A2]cos(t)
x(t) = [A]sin(t)
v(t) = [A]cos(t)
a(t) = -[A2]sin(t) OR
xmax = A
vmax = A
amax = A2
Period = T (seconds per cycle)
Frequency = f = 1/T (cycles per second)
Angular frequency =  = 2f = 2/T

5. Review: Period of a Spring
For simple harmonic oscillator
 = 2f = 2/T
For mass M on spring with spring constant k
Demos:
A,m,k dependence

6. Concept Question x +2A t -2A
If the amplitude of the oscillation (same block and same spring) was doubled, how would the period of the oscillation change? (The period is the time it takes to make one complete oscillation)
1. The period of the oscillation would double. 2. The period of the oscillation would be halved 3. The period of the oscillation would stay the same
CORRECT x
+2A t
-2A

7. Potential Energy of a Springm x
x=0
Where x is measured from the equilibrium position
PES x

8. Same thing for a vertical spring:y
y=0 m
Where y is measured from the equilibrium position
PES y

9. Etotal = 1/2 Mv2 + 1/2 kx2 = constant
In either case... m y
y=0 m x
x=0
Etotal = 1/2 Mv2 + 1/2 kx2 = constant
KE PE
KEmax = 1/2Mv2max=1/2M2A2 =1/2kA2
PEmax = 1/2kA2
Etotal = 1/2kA2

10. Concept Question
In Case 1 a mass on a spring oscillates back and forth. In Case 2, the mass is doubled but the spring and the amplitude of the oscillation is the same as in Case 1. In which case is the maximum kinetic energy of the mass the biggest?
1. Case 1 2. Case 2 3. Same
CORRECT

11. Concept Question PE = 0 KE = KEMAX PE = 1/2kx2 KE = 0 same for both
x=-A
x=0
x=+A
x=-A
x=0
x=+A

12. Concept Question The same would be true for vertical springs...
PE = 1/2k y2
Y=0
PE = 1/2k y2
Y=0

13. Pendulum For “small oscillation”, period does not depend on mass
amplitude
Demos:
M,A,L dependence

14. Concept Question
Suppose a grandfather clock (a simple pendulum) runs slow. In order to make it run on time you should:
1. Make the pendulum shorter
2. Make the pendulum longer
CORRECT

15. “Effective g” is larger when accelerating upward
Concept Question
A pendulum is hanging vertically from the ceiling of an elevator. Initially
the elevator is at rest and the period of the pendulum is T. Now the pendulum accelerates upward. The period of the pendulum will now be
1. greater than T
2. equal to T
3. less than T
CORRECT
“Effective g” is larger when accelerating upward
(you feel heavier)