1. Foothill High School Science Department The Biosphere Aquatic Ecosystems

2. Foothill High School Science Department Aquatic Ecosystems Key Concept: Aquatic ecosystems are determined primarily by the: DepthDepth FlowFlow temperaturetemperature ChemistryChemistry of the overlying water. of the overlying water.

3. Foothill High School Science Department Marine Ecosystems NOT Geographical like land biomesNOT Geographical like land biomes Grouped by Abiotic Factors e.g.Grouped by Abiotic Factors e.g. –Depth –Distance from shore –Light –Water Chemistry –Latitude (Temperature)

4. Foothill High School Science Department Freshwater Ecosystems ONLY 3% of the Biospheres WaterONLY 3% of the Biospheres Water Key Concept : –Freshwater ecosystems can be divided into two main types: Flowing Water EcosystemsFlowing Water Ecosystems Standing Water EcosystemsStanding Water Ecosystems

5. Foothill High School Science Department Freshwater Ecosystems Flowing Water Ecosystems –Rivers, streams, creeks –Organisms adapted to flow rate

6. Foothill High School Science Department Usually Turbulent Near Source Usually Turbulent at the Source

7. Foothill High School Science Department Meanders At Lower Elevations Becomes Meandering at Lower Elevations

8. Foothill High School Science Department Standing Water Ecosystems Lakes & Ponds Water flows in and out Water also circulates within

9. Foothill High School Science Department Standing Water Ecosystems Plankton General term for weakly swimming organisms that live in aquatic environments Zooplankton Animal Plankton Phytoplankton Algae, Producers, Food Web Base, Photoautotrophs

10. Foothill High School Science Department Standing Water Ecosystems

11. Foothill High School Science Department Standing Water Ecosystems LAKE TURNOVER Courtesy of www.epa.gov

12. Foothill High School Science Department Freshwater Wetlands Water is on or very near the surfaceWater is on or very near the surface BogsBogs –Acid, thick sphagnum moss MarshesMarshes –Shallow wetlands along rivers, flows slowly SwampsSwamps –Marsh with trees & shrubs

13. Foothill High School Science Department Peat Bog

14. Foothill High School Science Department Peat Bog Tollund Man Denmark ROPEThroat Cut 400 B.C. – 400 A.D.

15. Foothill High School Science Department Marsh

16. Foothill High School Science Department Swamp

17. Foothill High School Science Department Estuaries Wetlands formed where rivers meet the seaWetlands formed where rivers meet the sea Both Salt & Fresh WaterBoth Salt & Fresh Water –Mixed by tides Few Herbivores, energy enters food web as detritus.Few Herbivores, energy enters food web as detritus. –Tiny pieces of organic material

18. Foothill High School Science Department Estuaries Vast amounts of biomassVast amounts of biomass Spawning & nursery groundsSpawning & nursery grounds –Fish, crabs, shellfish & shrimp Salt MarshesSalt Marshes –Temperate zone estuaries –Salt tolerant grass above low tide –Sea grass below

19. Foothill High School Science Department SALT MARSH

20. Foothill High School Science Department Estuaries Mangrove SwampsMangrove Swamps –Tropical coastal wetland –Salt tolerant trees –Nurseries for fish, shellfish & shrimp

21. Foothill High School Science Department Mangrove Swamp

22. Foothill High School Science Department Marine Ecosystems Immense & DeepImmense & Deep Photic ZonePhotic Zone –Photosynthesis possible, Light Penetration –0-200 meters Deep Aphotic ZoneAphotic Zone –Permanently dark –Contains Chemosynthetic Autotrophs

23. Foothill High School Science Department Key concept: Marine ecosystems are divided by Distance from shore & depth Intertidal Zone Coastal Ocean/Neritic Zone Bathyal Zone Abyssal Zone Marine Ecosystems

24. Foothill High School Science Department Marine Ecosystems

25. Foothill High School Science Department Intertidal Organisms exposed to regular and extreme changes. (tides)Organisms exposed to regular and extreme changes. (tides) ZonationZonation –Permanent Horizontal Banding of lifeforms In The Intertidal Zone

26. Foothill High School Science Department Intertidal Zonation

27. Foothill High School Science Department Coastal Ocean = Neritic Zone From Low Tide Mark to edge of Continental Shelf.From Low Tide Mark to edge of Continental Shelf. Usually In Photic ZoneUsually In Photic Zone Contains Kelp forestsContains Kelp forests –Most Productive Coastal Ocean Communities –Giant Brown Algae Grow 50 cm per DayGrow 50 cm per Day

28. Foothill High School Science Department Kelp Forest

29. Foothill High School Science Department Kelp Forest

30. Foothill High School Science Department Coral Reefs Warm shallow water of tropical, coastal oceans support coral reefs.Warm shallow water of tropical, coastal oceans support coral reefs. Calcium Carbonate ShellsCalcium Carbonate Shells Related to jellyfishRelated to jellyfish Symbiotic relationship with algaeSymbiotic relationship with algae

31. Foothill High School Science Department Coral Reefs

32. Foothill High School Science Department Bathyal Zone Extends From: –Edge of the Neritic Zone –Base of the Continental Shelf 200 – 2,000 meters deep200 – 2,000 meters deep Turbid & MurkyTurbid & Murky High PressureHigh Pressure Numerous burrowing animalsNumerous burrowing animals

33. Foothill High School Science Department Abyssal Zone Ocean floor below 2,000 metersOcean floor below 2,000 meters Complete DarknessComplete Darkness Organisms are called benthosOrganisms are called benthos Organic RainOrganic Rain Thermal VentsThermal Vents

34. Foothill High School Science Department Abyssal Zone

35. Foothill High School Science Department