1. Trapezius: Upper, Middle, and Lower fibers

2. Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular group
Attachments: Proximal: Superior nuchal line on occipital bone (posterior skull) + C1-T12 vertebrae (spinous process) Distal: Upper: lateral clavicle Middle: acromion + spine of scapula Lower: base (medial end) of spine of scapula Action: (scapular motion) U: UPWARD rotate, ADduct (retract), elevate M: ADduct (retract) L: UPWARD rotate, ADduct (retract), depress PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Cervical nerves + cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve) Spinal segments: C1,2,3,4,5

3. Levator scapulae

4. Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular group
Attachments: Proximal: upper cervical vertebrae (transverse process of C1-C4) Distal: medial boarder of scapula, superior to spine Action: (scapular motion) Elevate, downward rotate PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Cervical nerves: 3,4 + dorsal scapular nerve: C5 Spinal segments: C3,4,5

5. Rhomboid minor

6. Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular group
Attachments:
Proximal: lower cervical vertebrae (spinous process of C7-T1)
Distal: medial border of scapula, at base of spine
Action: (scapular motion)
Elevate, ADduct (retract), downward rotate
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
Dorsal scapular nerve: C5
Spinal segment: C5

7. Rhomboid major

8. Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular
Attachments:
Proximal: upper thoracic vertebrae (spinous process of T2-T5)
Distal: medial border of scapula, inferior to spine
Action: (scapular motion)
Elevate, ADduct (retract), downward rotate
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin
Dorsal scapular nerve: C5
Spinal segment: C5

9. Serratus anterior

10. Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular group
Attachments:
Proximal: lateral surface of ribs 1-8
Distal: medial border of scapula, entire length, on COASTAL surface
Actions: (scapular motion)
UPWARD rotate, ABduct (protract) – prevents winging
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
Long thoracic nerve: C5,6,7
Spinal segments:
C5,6,7

11. Pectoralis minor

12. Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular group
Attachments:
Proximal: anterior surface of ribs 3-5
Distal: coracoid process of scapula
Actions: (scapular motion)
ABduct (protract), downward rotate, depress
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
Lateral + medial pectoral nerves: C5,6,7 + C8, T1
Spinal segments:
C7,C8

13. Pectoralis major: Clavicular head (upper fibers) Sternal head (lower fibers)

14. Axio- Humeral group
Attachments: Proximal: Clavicular head (CL) – medial clavicle sternal head (ST) – sternum (manubrium and body of sternum, plus the adjacent costal cartilages of ribs 2-6) Distal: All fibers to LATERAL lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus (crest of the greater tubercle) Actions: CL head: flex, ADduct, IR, H. AD the gleno-humeral joint ST head: extend (from 180), ADduct, IR, H. AD the gleno-humeral joint ELEVATE TRUNK in closed kinematic chain with humerus stabilized (weight bearing on hands) (ALSO: protract + depress shoulder girdle) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: CL head = LATERAL pectoral nerve: C5,6,7 ST head = Lateral + Medial pectoral nerves: C5,6,7 + C8, T1 Spinal segments: CL head: C5,6,7 ST head: C6,7,8, T1

15. Latissimus dorsi

16. Axio-Humeral group PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
Attachments:
Proximal: Vertebral column from T7 to sacrum + iliac crest (T7-T12 is directly from spinous process of vert., while L+S levels and iliac crest are via thoraco-lumbar fascia) Also, (small attachment to inferior tip of scapula)
Distal: FLOOR of intertubercular groove of humerus
Actions:
Extend, ADduct, IR, H. AB at gleno-humeral joint
ELEVATE TRUNK in closed kinematic chain with humerus stabilized (weight bearing on hands)
(ALSO: retract + depress shoulder girdle, and downward rotate scapula via small attachment to inferior tip of scapula)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
Thoracodorsal nerve: C6,7,8
Spinal segments:
C6,7,8

17. Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF “S---” of “SITS”
Supraspinatus
Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF
“S---” of “SITS”

18. Scapulo-Humeral group
Attachments:
Proximal: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Distal: greater tubercle of humerus, UPPER facet
Actions:
ABduct at gleno-humeral joint (does NOT rotate) Also; supports head of humerus in glenoid fossa
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
Suprascapular nerve: C5,6
Spinal segment: C5

19. Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF “-I--” of “SITS”
Infraspinatus
Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF
“-I--” of “SITS”

20. Scapulo-Humeral group
Attachments:
Proximal: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Distal: greater tubercle of humerus, MIDDLE facet
Actions:
External rotation of gleno-humeral joint. Also; depress head of humerus (compress + stabilize the GH jt)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
Suprascapular nerve: C5,6
Spinal segments:
C5,6

21. Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF “- -T-” of “SITS”
Teres minor
Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF
“- -T-” of “SITS”

22. Scapulo-Humeral group
Attachments:
Proximal: lateral boarder of scapula at mid-length
Distal: greater tubercle of humerus, LOWER facet
Actions:
External rotation of gleno-humeral joint. Also; depress head of humerus (Compress + stabilize the GH jt).
PERIPHERAL NERVE+ spinal cord level of origin:
Axillary nerve: C5,6
Spinal segments:
C5,6

23. Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF “- - - S” of “SITS”
Subscapularis
Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF
“- - - S” of “SITS”

24. Scapulo-Humeral group
Attachments:
Proximal: subscapular fossa of scapula
Distal: lesser tubercle of humerus
Actions:
Internal rotation of gleno-humeral joint. Also, depress head of humerus
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
Upper + lower subscapular nerves: C5,6
Spinal segments:
C5,6

25. Deltoid: Anterior, Middle, and Posterior fibers

26. Scapulo-Humeral group
Attachments:
Proximal:
Anterior: lateral clavicle
Middle: acromion process of scapula
Posterior: spine of scapula
Distal: ALL to deltoid tuberosity of humerus
(Compare this to gluteus medius arrangement, especially the actions)
Actions:
A: ABduct, flex, IR and H. AD at GH jt
M: ABduct GH jt
P: ABduct, extend, ER, and H. AB at GH jt
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
Axillary nerve: C5,6
Spinal segments:
C5,6

27. Teres major

28. Scapulo-Humeral group
Attachments:
Proximal: lateral boarder of scapula at inferior angle
Distal: MEDIAL lip of intertubercular groove of humerus (crest of lesser tubercle)
Actions:
Extend, ADduct, IR at GH jt
PERIPHERAL NERVE+ spinal cord level of origin:
Lower subscapular nerve: C5,6
Spinal segment: C6

29. Coracobrachialis

30. Scapulo-Humeral group
Attachments:
Proximal: coracoid process of scapula
Distal: mid-humerus, medial side
Actions:
Flex, ADduct at GH jt
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
Musculocutaneous nerve: C5,6,7
Spinal segments:
C6,7

31. Biceps brachii: Long head, Short head

32. Scapulo-Forearm group
Attachments: Proximal: Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Short head: coracoid process of scapula Distal: BOTH heads; radial tuberosity + bicipital aponeurosis Actions: Both heads: flex GH jt + flex elbow, supinate forearm PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Musculocutaneous nerve: C5,6,7 Spinal segments: C5,6

33. Triceps brachii: Long head, Lateral head, and Medial head (deep)

34. Scapulo-Forearm group
Attachments:
Proximal:
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: posterior humerus, superior to radial groove
Medial head (deep): posterior humerus, inferior to radial groove
Distal: ALL 3 heads; olecranon process of ulna
Actions:
Long head: extend GH joint
ALL 3 HEADS: extend elbow joint
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
Radial nerve: C5-T1
Spinal segments:
C7,C8

35. Anconeus

36. Scapulo-Forearm group
Attachments:
Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Distal: olecranon process of ulna
Actions:
Extend elbow joint
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
Radial nerve: C5-T1
Spinal segments:
C7,C8

37. Brachialis

38. Elbow: muscles of the brachium acting at the elbow
Attachments:
Proximal: anterior distal shaft of humerus
Distal: anterior proximal shaft of ulna (ulnar tuberosity)
Actions:
Flex elbow
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
Musculocutaneous nerve: C5,6,7
Spinal segments:
C5,6

39. Brachioradialis

40. Elbow: muscles of the brachium acting at the elbow
Attachments:
Proximal: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Distal: styloid process of distal radius
Actions:
Flex elbow
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
Radial nerve: C5-T1
Spinal segments:
C5,6