1. Short Field Takeoff & Landing

2. Takeoff Objective - Knowledge of elements
Positive and accurate control of aircraft with shortest ground roll and steepest angle of climb
Proper airspeeds VR, VX, and VY

3. Takeoff
Best angle of climb results in greatest gain of altitude for a given distance over the ground
Speed deviations of +5/-0 can reduce climb performance significantly

4. Takeoff
Climb above obstacle or 50 ft AGL before accelerating to VY by reducing pitch

5. Takeoff Knowledge of performance charts Temperature Pressure
runway length wind
type of runway surface
weight and condition of airplane

6. Takeoff
Associated Condition
Power
Mixture
Flap Setting

7. Takeoff Margin of Safety Remove fuel, people, or baggage
Wait for different wind/or temperature
Find a more experienced pilot
Move airplane to a safer takeoff location

8. Takeoff Perform Maneuver
Position flight controls and flaps for the existing conditions
Crosswind - full deflection of ailerons
Flaps set - verify visually

9. Takeoff
Clear the area and position aircraft for maximum available takeoff area
traffic pattern and runway clear
Back taxi to very beginning of runway

10. Takeoff Advance throttle to takeoff power, while holding the brakes
ground reference points
Advance throttle to takeoff power, while holding the brakes
Recheck mixture and propeller high RPM
Add takeoff power avoiding engine surging, backfiring and

11. Takeoff overboost situations and release brakes smoothly
Monitor engine instruments for malfunctions or indications of insufficient power
Listen for engine roughness or power loss

12. Takeoff Rotate at the recommended speed
Abort if indications are not normal
Check airspeed indicator and call out airspeeds
Rotate at the recommended speed

13. Takeoff Speed may vary with weight. Check POH
Rotation speed should be approximately 5 KTS below the lift off speed

14. Takeoff
At VR smoothly apply back elevator pressure to raise the nose to the pitch attitude that will produce the best angle-of-climb airspeed VX

15. Takeoff
Do not attempt to raise the nose until VR because this will create unnecessary drag
Climb at the manufacturer’s recommended airspeed and configuration

16. Takeoff low airspeed pitch too high higher airspeed pitch is too low
on airspeed at optimum speed
Learn pitch attitude - nose in relation to the horizon and attitude indicator

17. Takeoff After clearing the obstacle accelerate to VY +5/-5
Maintain VX =5/-0 KTS
After clearing the obstacle accelerate to VY +5/-5
Retract the landing gear and flaps after a positive rate of climb or as recommended

18. Takeoff
Before retracting the gear, apply the brakes to stop the rotation of the wheels
Retract as recommended by the manufacturer
Some recommend after a positive rate of climb,

19. Takeoff some recommend after clearing the obstacle
Generally not good to be looking in the cockpit until obstacle clearance is assured
In some airplanes, drag of gear is insignificant

20. Takeoff Normally landing gear is retracted prior to flap retraction
Flaps normally retracted when you are clear of the obstacle and when VY is established
Raise flaps in increments to avoid sudden loss of lift and settling of the airplane

21. Takeoff
Make pitch adjustment during gear and flap retraction to maintain VY
Maintain takeoff power to safe maneuvering altitude, then set climb power

22. Takeoff
After establishing VY, retracting gear and flaps maintain takeoff power to 500 feet
Reduce MP and RPM to climb power
Maintain VY until feet transition to cruise climb

23. Takeoff
Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the takeoff and climb

24. Takeoff
Common error is to become preoccupied with the short field takeoff and neglect crosswind correction
Complete the appropriate checklists, both before takeoff and climb

25. Common Takeoff Errors Failure to use the entire runway
Improper positioning of the flight controls and wing flaps
Improper engine operation during short field takeoff and climb out

26. Common Takeoff Errors Inappropriate removal of hand from throttle
Poor directional control
Improper use of brakes

27. Common Takeoff Errors Improper pitch attitude during liftoff
Failure to establish and maintain proper climb configuration and airspeed
Drift during climb out

28. Short Field Landing
Exhibit knowledge of the elements related to a short field approach and landing
Short landing area or over an obstacle that limits the available landing area

29. Short Field Landing
Precise, positive control of your airplane’s rate of descent and airspeed to produce an approach that will clear obstacle, result in little or no float, and stop in the shortest possible distance
Think ahead. Don’t land where you cannot takeoff

30. Short Field Landing
Consider the wind conditions, landing surface and obstructions
Height of obstructions dictate how steep the approach will have to be

31. Short Field Landing Surface may affect the breaking distance
Headwind may shorten the distance
Know POH landing speed
Know landing distance
Pump brakes to insure you have brake pressure

32. Short Field Landing Select the most suitable touchdown point
Select an aim point that will allow you to clear obstacles and touch down with the greatest amount of runway available

33. Short Field Landing
Descent angle will be steeper than a normal approach. Aim point will be closer to the obstacle
Aim point will be short of the touchdown point
Select a go around point, normally before descending below barriers

34. Landing Comparison Ground roll Over 50 foot Obstacle C172 540 1280
Temperature 15OC Pressure S.L.
Ground roll Over 50 foot Obstacle C
Sundowner
Bonanza

35. Short Field Landing
Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration and adjust power and pitch as required

36. Short Field Landing
After landing gear and flaps are extended adjust power and pitch to give you the proper descent angle and airspeed
Coordinated combination of pitch and power adjustments are required

37. Short Field Landing Approach must be stabilized
Avoid excessively slow airspeed
Avoid low slow approaches
Final approach from 3/4 to 1 mile from 500 feet

38. Short Field Landing
Maintain a stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed or 1.3 VSO with a gust factor of +5/-5

39. Short Field Landing Maintain glide path and airspeed
Airspeed based on landing weight
Reduce power while rounding out

40. Short Field Landing
After landing gear and flaps are extended adjust power and pitch to give you the proper descent angle and airspeed

41. Short Field Landing
Coordinated combination of pitch and power adjustments are required Approach must be stabilized
Excess airspeed will cause floating and cause you to miss your touchdown spot

42. Short Field Landing
Make smooth, timely and correct control applications during the round out and touchdown Remain aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake turbulence

43. Short Field Landing
Touch down at or within 100 feet of the specified point, little or no float or drift with
the longitudinal axis aligned with and over the center of the landing surface

44. Short Field Landing
Round out to avoid flying into the ground or ballooning and stalling
During round out reduce the throttle to idle
Touch down within 100 feet of the specified point

45. Short Field Landing
Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing Apply brakes to stop in the shortest distance

46. Short Field Landing
Once main gear are solidly on the ground begin braking while maintaining full back elevator pressure
Keep weight off nose gear

47. Short Field Landing
Some aircraft benefit from retracting flaps but could cause you to misidentify a control and lead to a gear up landing

48. Short Field Landing Complete the appropriate checklists BCGUMPS
Check brakes
After Landing checklist

49. Common Errors Improper use of landing performance data and limitations
Failure to establish approach landing configuration at appropriate time or in proper sequence

50. Common Errors Failure to maintain a stabilized approach
Improper technique in use of power, wing flaps and trim

51. Common Errors Improper removal of hand from throttle
Improper technique during round out and touchdown

52. Common Errors Poor directional control after touchdown
Improper use of brakes