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CHE 452 May 7, 2012 DASH Diet! A Key to Healthy Living & Lowering Blood Pressure? Zubair Ilyas Hunter Sabin Ernest Wong
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Your Description Goes Here Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Born from research funded by National Institutes of Health Sponsored by the American Heart Association Part of the US treatment guidelines for hypertension DASHDASH
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Your Description Goes Here Trends and Projections 1 in 3 Americans (~ 68 million) have high blood pressure High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, and kidney disease Primary or contributing cause of death for more than 347,000 Americans in 2008
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Your Description Goes Here About one in five (20.4%) U.S. adults with high blood pressure don't know that they have it In 2010, high blood pressure was projected to cost the United States $93.5 billion in health care services, medications, and missed days of work BY 2030, research suggests 86% of the U.S. population will be obese or overweight Trends and Projections
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Blood Pressure
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HypertensionHypertension
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What is the DASH Diet? Decreased Sodium Intake Decrease Blood Pressure Other Decreased Effects –Osteoporosis, Cancer, Diabetes, Heart Disease, Stroke 2 types –Standard DASH Diet –Lower Sodium DASH Diet
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FoodsFoods Fruits Vegetables Whole Grains Low-fat Dairy Products Red Meat Fats Sweets
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The First Study DASH Diet Food Pyramid
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DASH Diet Guidelines
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Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
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StudiesStudies Done to prove DASH Diet’s effectiveness Overall, two studies were conducted focusing the effects of increasing intake of foods, rich in nutrients, that are expected to lower blood pressure, mainly minerals (like potassium, calcium, and magnesium), protein, and fiber It includes nutrient-rich foods so that it meets other nutrient requirements as recommended by the Institute of Medicine
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The First Study From Aug, 1993 ~ Jul, 1997 Looked at the effect of dietary patterns on blood pressure 459 adults with systolic blood pressure < 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 80-95 mmHg Compared 3 eating plans: 1. 1.Control diet – a “typical American diet” 2. 2.Control diet plus more fruits/vegetables 3. 3.DASH diet - high in fruits/vegetables, low in fats All 3 plans contained approximately 3,000 mg of daily dietary sodium
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ResultsResults Dietary patterns affect blood pressure Participants in plans (#2 and #3) that included fruits and vegetables had reduced blood pressure DASH had the greatest effect Participants with high blood pressure had the greatest reductions Results were apparent within 2 weeks
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The Second Study From Sep, 1997 ~ Nov, 1999 Looked at the effect of a reduced dietary sodium intake on blood pressure 412 adults with similar stats from the first study Compared 2 eating plans: 1. 1.Control diet – a “typical American diet” 2. 2.DASH diet - high in fruits/vegetables, low in fats Compared 3 levels of dietary sodium level: 1. 1.High – 3,000 mg/day 2. 2.Intermediate – 2,400 mg/day 3. 3.Low – 1,500 mg/day
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The Second Study The Setup: 1. 1.Started with a two-week run-in phase: All participants consumed a high (3,000 mg/day) sodium control diet 2. 2.Followed by a 30-day intervention phase: Participants started consuming their diets at previously assigned sodium levels at high, intermediate, or low.
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ResultsResults Low dietary sodium intake lowered blood pressure for both diet plans When comparing the two eating plans, DASH had lower blood pressure than the control at each sodium level (high, intermediate, or low) DASH at low sodium intake (1,500 mg/day) had the greatest effect Participants with high blood pressure had the greatest reductions
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How’d you like ‘em Apples? The DASH Works!! It lowers blood pressure (First study) Lowering sodium intake lowers blood pressure (Second study) *Best scenario is to follow both the DASH diet and reduce one’s daily salt intake (a little exercise never hurts either!)
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To Learn More Secret Ingredient: DASH!!!
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