2. Ionic Bonding + - Na Cl Illustrating the bonding of Sodium and Chlorine

3. Sodium(Na) 11P 12N Sodium Na = 2,8,1 Sodium is soft and very reactive metal It has only 1 electron in its outside shell

4. Chlorine (Cl) 18P 17N Chlorine = 2,8,7 Chlorine is a highly poisonous green gas. It has 7 electrons in the outside shell and is not stable.

5. Neither sodium nor chlorine are stable, since both have less than 8 electrons in their outside shell. However this can easily be achieved by combining Na and Cl together. 17P 18N 11P 12N NaCl Watch how!

6. Na is giving away its 1 electron which it has in its outside shell…. 17P 18N 11P 12N Na Cl

7. Cl is accepting the electron from Na 17P 18N 11P 12N Na Cl

8. Both Na and Cl now have 8 electrons in their outside shell and a new compound NaCl has been formed 17P 18N 11P 12N Na + 2,8 Cl- 2,8,8

9. Both Na and Cl now have 8 electrons in their outside shell and a new compound NaCl has been formed 17P 18N 11P 12N Na+ 2,8 Cl- 2,8,8 Strong forces of attraction exist between Na+ and Cl- and hold the bond together

10. Satisfying the Octet Rule….. The Octet rule is simply a rule which helps us to understand bonding Atoms bond together so that each atom attains an electron arrangement of 8 electrons in its outermost shell. The Octet Rule :

11. To satisfy the Octet Rule, atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons Na lost 1 electron Na changed from electron configuration of 2,8,1 to 2,8 Na changed from a neutral Na atom to a positively charged Na ion (Na+) Cl gained 1 electron Cl changed from electron configuration of 2,8,7 to 2,8,8 Cl changed from a neutral Cl atom to a negatively charged Cl ion (Cl-)

12. Difference between the sodium and the sodium ion The sodium atom 11 Protons (11+) 12 neutrons 11 electrons (11-) The sodiumion 11 Protons(11+) 12 neutrons 10 electrons (10-) The sodium atom Na has an equal number of + and - charges The sodium ion Na has an extra one + charge Na+ An ion is a charged atom

13. Chlorine and the chloride ion The chlorine atom 17 Protons (17+) 18 neutrons 17 electrons (17-) The chloride ion 17 Protons(17+) 18 neutrons 18 electrons (18-) The chlorine atom Cl has an equal number of + and - charges The chloride ion Cl has an extra one “- “charge Cl- An ion is a charged atom