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EKG Monitoring.

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Presentation on theme: "EKG Monitoring."— Presentation transcript:

1 EKG Monitoring

2 Types of EKG Monitoring
Critical Care 24 hours/day Immediate recognition of problems Cardiac stepdown Immediate response 12 Lead EKG When needed Specific order or standing order

3 Continuos Monitoring 3 to 5 electrodes are placed on chest
Must change pads prevent irritation according to policy Monitor tech watches for changes Can determine rate, rhythm and changes

4 12 Lead EKG Used to determine both new and old heart problems
Electricity is conducted differently over injured heart muscle Determines rate, rhythm and changes from previous EKG Looks at heart in 12 directions Usually done by trained personnel Current flows from a negative to a positive lead The lead placement determines the direction of the deflection of the QRS complex

5 Lead Placement

6 Interpretation of an EKG
Graph paper divided into small and large squares Each small square represents 0.04 seconds on the horizontal axis and I mm on the vertical axis Each large square contains 5 small squares and represents 0.20 seconds and 5 mm The electrical activity is recognized by upward and downward deflections of the wave forms The baseline is called the isoelectric line

7 EKG Graph

8 Interpretation of an EKG, cont.
P Wave- represents atrial depolarization and is the 1st deflection and indicates the results of the SA node firing PR interval – represents time required for atrial repolarization and the time it takes for the impulse to travel from the atria to the ventricles (normal is to 0.20 seconds) QRS complex – represents ventricular depolarization (normal is 0.06 to 0.10 seconds) T Wave– represents ventricular repolarization

9 Interpretation of an EKG, cont
EKG is evaluated for Rate – done on EKG by using the 6 second strip from R wave to R wave (normal is ) Regularity – measure for consistency P waves – look for a P wave before each QRS complex PR interval – must fall in the normal range QRS complexes – must be normal or may be problem in the conduction system T waves – should be rounded, upright and same shape and size (not inverted ) Rate can be done by finding R on heave line and counting next R as 300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50, 43, 37 Also by counting number of small squares between 2 R waves and divide by the number of squares

10 Systematic Review of EKG Strip
Determine rate and regularity Is there a P wave before each QRS complex Are P waves rounded and upright Measure the QRS and do they look alike Look at the T wave. Is it upright or inverted

11 Normal Strip

12 Common Dysrhythmias Sinus dysrhythmias Atrial dysrhythmias
Sinus tachycardia – greater than 100 Sinus bradycardia – less than 60 Sinus arrest Atrial dysrhythmias PAC SVT Atrial fibrillation Atrial flutter

13 Common Dysrhythmias, cont.
Atrioventricular blocks 1st degree, 2nd degree, and 3rd degree AV block Ventricular dysrhythmias V-tache V-fib PVC’s Idioventricular Ventricular asystole

14 PVC

15 V-Tache

16 SVT

17 Mobitz II

18 Treatment Based on severity of the problem
Lethal dysrhythmias are treated immediately Asystole – Atropine, Epinephrine V-tache – lidocaine, Pronestyl, mag sulfate, amiodarone V-fib – defibrillation with drugs Some may cause severe symptoms while others do not

19 Drug Treatment of Dysrhythmias
Quinidine Pronestyl Lidocaine Mexitil Tonocard Tambocor Rythmol Adenocard Magnesium sulfate Inderal Brevibloc Betapace Cordarone Covert Verapamil Cardizem Lanoxin Atropine

20 Pacemakers Used to restore regular rhythm and improve cardiac output
Types Temporary Permanent Transcutaneous Transvenous Implantable

21 Modes of Delivery Single chamber Duel chamber Fixed rate Demand rate
AV sequential

22 Care of Pacemaker Vitals on return from OR
Check insertion site and provide care as needed Monitor for: rhythm pacemaker spike PVC’s or other abnormal beats Usually on bedrest for 24 hours , off the side of insertion Gradually increase activities Patient must carry ID card Instruct patient to take pulse daily Notify physician both in hospital and after home of: Dyspnea Syncope Dizziness Weakness Fatigue Chest pain

23 Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator
Used to treat life threatening rhythm problems Senses heart rate and wave form and delivers a shock to return heart function to a regular rhythm Recognizes V-tach and V-Fib If rhythm does not return to NSR, can continue Newer models can also recognize tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias Implanted in the sub-q tissue over the pectoralis muscle Causes some anxiety to patient when shock delivered Family and patient need education and support Wears ID bracelet Should avoid heavy magnetic fields (MRI, metal detectors)


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