1. Bloomington’s Water Supply: System Overview and Planning by: Rick Twait, Superintendent of Water Purification City of Bloomington Mahomet Aquifer Consortium Meeting No. 56 October 22, 2007

2. Source: Illinois State Water Survey Illinois Water Budget (Billion Gallons/ Day)

8. Bloomington, Illinois Water Utility 77,000+ Customers 75,000 City Residents 2,200+ Customers from Villages and Public Water Districts 11,400,000 Gallons Average Daily Pumpage Approximately 80% Residential Consumption BNWRD Discharges ~20 mgd

9. Bloomington’s Two Water Supply Reservoirs Lake BloomingtonEvergreen Lake Constructed in 1929Constructed in 1971 Raised 5 feet in 1954Raised 5 feet in 1995 635 surface acres900 surface acres 8,760 acre-ft storage15,480 acre-ft storage 69.5 sq.mi. drainage area41.1 sq.mi. drainage area 70:1 drainage to surface area ratio 29:1 drainage to surface area ratio

15. Dry Spells to Droughts  In Detecting Drought Conditions in Illinois Changnon (1987): Described Meterological, Agricultural, Hydrological, and Economic Drought Conditions  US Drought Monitor (website): Describes conditions in terms from abnormally dry to exceptional drought, agricultural and/or hydrologic

16. Dry Spells to Droughts  In Drought Response Plan, City of Bloomington, Illinois Water Department, Wittman (2006) proposed a practical definition of drought for municipal water systems as: “A reduction in precipitation or aquifer recharge that affects the ability of the public water system to meet the demands of the customers or causes regulatory or aesthetic reductions in water quality.”

17. Types of Municipal Water Shortages Supply Shortages Can be Caused by:  Drought  Demand  Quality: Health (Regulatory)Health (Regulatory) AestheticAesthetic

18. Types of Municipal Water Shortages (cont’d) Treatment Shortages Can be Caused by Inadequate:  Treatment Capacity  Transmission Capacity  Storage Capacity To Meet Demands

28. 400x Heterocyst Bluegreen Algal Filament

29. 400x

30. 1988-89 Drought  Water Problems Extremely Low Reservoir Levels Extremely Low Reservoir Levels Concerns about Getting Water to Pump IntakesConcerns about Getting Water to Pump Intakes Extremely High Demands: Extremely High Demands: Decreased Treatment EfficiencyDecreased Treatment Efficiency Plant Operated at Peak CapacityPlant Operated at Peak Capacity Low Water Quality Low Water Quality Taste and Odor Episodes Frequent and SevereTaste and Odor Episodes Frequent and Severe

31. 1988-89 Drought  Operational Responses Water Restrictions Water Restrictions Lawn WateringLawn Watering Water Served in Restaurants by RequestWater Served in Restaurants by Request Taste and Odor Taste and Odor KMnO4KMnO4 CuSO4CuSO4 PACPAC Purchase Floating Pumps Purchase Floating Pumps

32. 1988-89 Drought  Planning/Supply Responses F&W Long Term Water Study F&W Long Term Water Study Initiate Watershed Protection Program Initiate Watershed Protection Program Raise Evergreen Lake Spillway by 5 Feet Raise Evergreen Lake Spillway by 5 Feet Build and Obtain Permit for Mackinaw River Pumping Pool Build and Obtain Permit for Mackinaw River Pumping Pool Raised Water Rates Raised Water Rates Installed GAC Caps on Filters Installed GAC Caps on Filters Begin Planning and Investigation of Groundwater Source Begin Planning and Investigation of Groundwater Source

33. 1988-89 Drought  Planning/Supply Responses (continued) Expand Treatment Plant Capacity at Lake Bloomington Expand Treatment Plant Capacity at Lake Bloomington Construction of 2 MG Elevated Tank Construction of 2 MG Elevated Tank Construction of Additional Transmission Main from Lake Bloomington to Town Construction of Additional Transmission Main from Lake Bloomington to Town

34. Bloomington, Illinois Finished Water Nitrate Levels

35. Raising Spillway Elevation of Evergreen Lake Increased Capacity by 36%

37. Additional Watershed Area Due to Mackinaw River Pumping Pool

38. Drought of 2005  Demand Hit Plant Capacity Cool Period Limited Duration of Extreme Demand Cool Period Limited Duration of Extreme Demand  Extra Capacity of Evergreen Lake Extended Days of Available Supply  Higher Reservoir Levels, GAC Caps, and Destratifiers Resulted in Fewer T&O Issues (initially)

39. Drought of 2005  Pumping Pool: From late December 2005 through April 2006: 364 million gallons pumped (over a month’s supply at average usage) despite no/minimal runoff to lakes from tributaries  Extra capacity of Evergreen Lake Reservoir resulted in more reserve capacity at start of drought

40. Responses to the Drought of 2005  Contracted with Wittman Hydro Planning Associates for Drought Response Plan and Draft Drought Ordinance  Performed Intensive In-House and Contracted Studies of Dealing with Taste and Odor Causing Compounds  Expand Existing Source Water Protection Efforts

41. Responses to the Drought of 2005 (continued)  Initiate Phytoplankton Surveillance Program and Investigate In-Lake Treatment Methods  Continue Supplemental Water Supply Activities  Update Master Plan, including Blending Options  Coordinate TMDL Plans with Drought Strategies and Emergency Plans

42. Source: Illinois State Water Survey, Center for Groundwater Science Mahomet Aquifer

46. Acknowledgements Dave Stockton, Mayor, City of Bloomington Bloomington City Council, Tom Hamilton, City Manager Brian Brakebill, Deputy City Manager Craig Cummings, Director of Water Jill Mayes, Bloomington Water Treatment Plant Dr. John O’Connor, H2O’C Engineering Dr. Jack Wittman, Wittman Hydro Planning Associates The Staff of the Bloomington Water Treatment Plant and Water Department Our Water Customers