1. LEC 10 LOCAL FLORA – Lecture 10 Dr. Donald P. Althoff Grasses Part II Common Characteristics & Classifications Barnyard grass Witchgrass Johnsongrass Foxtail

2. Kingdom Division Class Order Family Subfamily TRIBE Plantae Magnoliophyta (Anthrophyta) Liliopsida- moncots ?...>16 grasses Cyperales ____________ End in -____ But not exclusively

3. Tribes (some) Andropogoneae Aristideae Arundineae Aveneae Centotheceae Chlorideae Danthonieae Eragrosteae Oryzeae Paniceae Poeae Triticeae

4. TRIBE: Andropogoneae Big bluestem Little bluestem _____________ __________ Indiangrass _____________ Eastern gamagrass Stiltgrass

5. Japanese stiltgrass Deer tongue note “lines” on midvein of leaf blade ***Found on Rio Baby Moose Hill

6. Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) USDA site: Nepalese browntop ( MIVI ) Also known as Chinese packing grass Family: Poaceae Annual grass Well adapted to low light conditions (aka shade tolerant)

7. TRIBE: Aristideae Curly threeawn Threeawn Prairie threeawn Purple threeawn

8. TRIBE: Arundineae Giant reed Common reed ( Phragmites )

9. TRIBE: Aveneae Bent grass Winter bent grass Wild oats (a) Cultivated oats (a)

10. TRIBE: Centotheceae Indian woodoats Broadleaf woodoats Narrowleaf woodoats

11. TRIBE: Chorideae Sideoats grama _____ grama Buffalo grass Windmill grass Bermuda grass

12. TRIBE: Danthonieae Poverty grass (very short) (poverty oatgrass) Does well on sites that have ______ soils…hence name.

13. TRIBE: Eragrosteae Goosegrass (a) Stinkgrass (a) Purple lovegrass Tall dropseed (composite) Purple (red) top greasegrass

14. TRIBE: Oryzeae Rice cutgrass Whitegrass Silicaceous barbs on stems …”the cutting” capability

15. TRIBE: Paniceae (page 1) Crabgrass (a) Barnyard grass Redtop panicum Switchgrass

16. TRIBE: Paniceae (page 2) (Marsh) bristlegrass Green bristle grass (green foxtail, nodding foxtail, etc. foxtails (a)

17. TRIBE: Poeae (page 1) Soft brome (a) Field brome (a) Cheatgrass (a) Orchardgrass Tall fescue

19. TRIBE: Poeae (page 2) Ryegrass (a) Annual bluegrass (a) Kentucky bluegrass Smooth brome

20. TRIBE: Triticeae Western wheatgrass Canada wildrye Rye (a)

21. Cool Season Grasses Kentucky bluegrass Annual bluegrass Tall fescue Canada wildrye Soft brome (a) __________________________ (a) _______________ (a) Orchardgrass Tall fescue Timothy Woodoats Wild oats (a) Cultivated oats (a) Western wheat

22. Warm Season Grasses (page 1) Indiangrass Big bluestem Little bluestem Switchgrass Buffalograss ______________ E. gamagrass Bermuda grass Poverty grass Bromesedge Threeawns Giant Reed Common Reed Bentgrass Sideoats grama Blue grama Hairy grama

23. Warm Season Grasses (page 2) Rice cutgrass ___________ Barnyard grass Redtop panicum Bristlegrass Goosegrass Stinkgrass Purplelove grass Tall dropseed Purple (red) top Whitegrass __________

24. ________ vs. ________ Grass Introduced vs. Native Timothy Rye grassIndiangrass Tall fescue sod-forming bunch grass Smooth brome Reed canarygrass

25. _________

26. Sod-forming grasses with extensive _________: smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis) Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) quackgrass (Agropyron repens) prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata) foxtail muhly (Muhlenbergia andina) Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) redtop (Agrostis alba). Sod-forming grasses with short ____________ : tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae) side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula) big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans). Sod-forming A B

27. Sod-forming…. ________ ground AB

28. Sod-forming…con’t Sod-forming grasses with extensive __________: bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) bentgrasses (Agrostis spp.) buffalo grass (Buchloe dactyloides). C

29. Sod-forming…. continued _______ ground C

30. Bunch-forming Bunchgrasses - chiefly ________________________: perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus) Bunchgrasses - reproducing _____________________: timothy (Phleum pratense) tall oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius var. bulbosum). The adventitious buds of bunchgrasses are found on the basal nodes in crown tissue and produce new tillers which remain within the surrounding leaf sheath of the mother stem. Reproduce vegetatively from adventitious buds on corms--corms are thickened, bulbous internodes which form in crown tissue, serving as storage organs. D E

31. Bunch-forming…. tillers from crown region D

32. Bunch-forming…. corms from crown region E