1. Have a red and blue writing utensil Clear desk Heart Diagram Quiz

2. Aorta Superior Vena Cava R. Pulmonary Artery R. Pulmonary Veins R. Atrium Tricuspid R. Ventricle Inferior Vena Cava L. Pulmonary Artery L. Pulmonary Veins Pulmonary Valve L. Atrium Bicuspid Aortic Valve L. Ventricle Descending Aorta

3. Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 93 Topic: 15.5 Cardiovascular Disorders Essential Questions: No EQ 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 15.5 Cardiovascular Disorders

4. Body Story: The Beast Within (25mins) Pg. 92 1.The growth inside John’s artery is mostly made up of what? 2.How does plaque build-up affect John’s blood flow? 3.What is the function of the pacemaker? 4.What happens when the plaque’s membrane is ripped open? 5.What are the first symptom’s John feels during his attack? 6.What happens to John’s body within the first 5 mins? 7.The first 15 mins? 8.How does the lack of O2 affect John and his heart cells? 9.What does the drug TPA do for John? 10.When John undergoes VF what happens? What are the consequences?

5. 1. The growth inside John’s artery is mostly made up of what? Cholesterol 2. How does plaque build-up affect John’s blood flow? Slows it down 3. What is the function of the pacemaker? Generates electrical impulses which ensure its regular beat 4. What happens when the plaque’s membrane is ripped open? Blood cells attach to the plaque causing a clot 5. What are the first symptom’s John feels during his attack? Feels like indigestion, pain in left arm and middle of chest 6. What happens to John’s body within the first 5 mins? Adrenaline is released, heart rate increases, some heart muscles stop beating 7. The first 15 mins? Heart cell membranes begin to leak, beat gets weaker, he struggles to breathe, lungs fill with fluid 8. How does the lack of O2 affect John and his heart cells? He feels dizzy, disorientated, Heart cells burst and begin to die 9.What does the drug TPA do for John? “Clot busting” drug- breaks up the clot- clears the artery 10. When John undergoes VF what happens? What are the consequences? Some heart cells do not beat with the rest of the heart. This causes it to quiver vs. beat. No oxygen will make its way to the brain

6. 6 Diagnosing Cardiovascular Disorders: Begins with patient history and a physical examination Common symptoms: Tightness in chest Burning pain (worsened by coughing) Difficulty breathing Weakness Lightheadedness

7. 7 Hypertension aka High Blood Pressure: persistently elevated arterial blood pressure One of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system Causes: Narrowed vessels High sodium intake Obesity Psychological stress Called the “silent killer” because it may not have direct symptoms, and sets the stage for serious cardiovascular complications May cause atherosclerosis as arteries accumulate plaque leading to a coronary thrombosis or embolism

8. Hypertension http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diG519d FVNs 8

9. 9 Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) aka Stroke: A blockage of blood flow to the brain that deprives the brain of oxygen Usually caused by a cerebral thrombosis (blood clot that inhibits the flow of blood), embolism (blockage of blood or fat), or hemorrhage Paralysis Vision loss Speech impediment Falling Blindness Death

10. 10

11. Stroke http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcmrgw NCPwM 11

12. 12 Arrhythmia: Any disturbance of the normal heart rhythm Symptoms: Palpitations (awareness of the heartbeat) Dizziness and syncope (fainting) Treatment: Drugs (most common treatment) Pacemaker Factors: Exercise Alcohol Caffeine Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a condition in which there is uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the heart, making them quiver rather than contract properly

13. 13 Myocardial Infarction (heart attack): Caused by a prolonged deficiency of blood flow to the cardiac muscle Occurs because platelets accumulate on plaque forming a blood clot If half or more of the artery is blocked, blood flow may be inadequate The myocardium can tolerate up to 20 mins of oxygen loss before death of heart tissue begins Symptoms: Pain in chest/neck/jaw/left arm/back/shoulder Sweating Pale skin Cyanosis (blue skin)

14. Myocardial Infarction http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLmKq 5bQOg0 14

15. 15 1. Why does an MI occur? 2. Does the heart have the ability to repair itself? a. What is this repair called? What basically happens? 3. What are the early symptoms of an MI? 4. What is the survival rate of a person with MI? 5. What is the main cause of death for a person who has suffered an MI? 6. What are the first signs Paul notices? 7. What risk factors predispose Paul to a myocardial infarction? (4 things) 8. Explain why Paul is given an aspirin to chew on the way to the hospital. Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) Reading and Case Study

16. 16 Life-Span Changes cholesterol deposition in blood vessels heart enlargement death of cardiac muscle cells increase in fibrous connective tissue of the heart increase in adipose tissue of the heart increase in blood pressure decrease in resting heart rate

17. 17 Blue Baby Syndrome :

18. 18 Heart Transplants: the recipient’s failing heart is removed, except for the posterior walls of the right and left atria and their connections to the vena cava and pulmonary veins New heart is attached to the atrial cuffs remaining Recipients aorta and pulmonary arteries are connected to donor heart Issues: Donor hearts are scarce Left ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) can help maintain cardiac function long enough for a heart to become available (hopefully) Other options: Artificial Heart: replaces the ventricles Stem cells

19. 19 Something the Lord Made Alfred Blalock (1899-1964), a cardiologist, leaves Vanderbilt for Johns Hopkins taking with him his lab technician, Vivien Thomas (1910-1985). Thomas, an African-American without a college degree, is a gifted mechanic and tool-maker with hands splendidly adept at surgery. In 1941, Blalock and Thomas take on the challenge of blue babies and invent bypass surgery. After trials on dogs, their first patient is baby Eileen, sure to die without the surgery. In defiance of custom and Jim Crow, Blalock brings Thomas into the surgery to advise him, but when Life Magazine and kudos come, Thomas is excluded. Will he receive his due?