1. Role of Generic Pesticides in Managing Resistance: An updated perspective CPDA AIC Meeting May 2012 Expert Panel Discussion: Bryan Young, Ph.D. Philip Westra, Ph.D. Jake Brodsgaard Moderator: Gregory Lindner

2. Introduction Managing the emergence of resistance has been an important part of agriculture for decades The problem is not unique to any one pesticide type and has remained relevant to fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides So what is different now?

3. Combination of expanding GMO use with increased reliance on a narrower range of pesticide actives is fostering emergence of new resistant pests.

4. Focus: Fungicide Resistance Fungicide Resistance Action Committee Composition: Primarily basic research companies, CropLife

5. Focus: Insecticide Resistance Insecticide Resistance Action Committee Composition: Basic research companies, generics, others Useful resources with special emphasis on managing resistance in Bt crops

6. WSSA - Weed Science Society of America Excellent source for statistical data on resistant weeds Significant links to sources, databases, and associated websites Focus: Herbicide Resistance Herbicide Resistance Action Committee Composition: Basic research companies, generics Links closely with WSSA site International Survey of Resistant Weeds Source: www.weedscience.org,www.weedscience.org Ian Heap, March 2011

7. Global Distribution of Herbicide Resistance Source: www.weedscience.org, Ian Heap, March 2011www.weedscience.org This figure shows the number of herbicide- resistant biotypes around the world. Biotypes are unique cases of herbicide- resistance in weeds separated by geography. Because of this definition, the number reported by biotype will always be greater than the number reported by weed species. [Click to close.]

8. Current Status of Resistance ALS- inhibitors Triazines ACCase- inhibitors Glycines The legend identifies herbicides by both mechanism of action and class. Mechanism of action (MOA) is the biochemical site within a plant with which a herbicide directly interacts. Herbicide class refers to herbicide chemistry. [Click to close.] Source: www.weedscience.org, Ian Heap, March 2011www.weedscience.org

9. Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds March 2012  Sites: Orchards, vineyards, canals, agronomic crops  Weeds: Annuals, perennials, grass, broadleaf  Unlike previous herbicide-resistant weeds  Potential for rapid spread once developed Source: www.weedscience.org, Ian Heap, March 2011www.weedscience.org