1. Camera Film and HD Continued

2. Basics (review) Like an imperfect eye Lens gathers light reflected off surfaces A surface senses the pattern formed by differences in brightness and color In the case of the eye patterns of light are interpreted by the eye

4. Lens and Camera Both images are upside down Because the eye and lenses are convex (curve outward) Always invert images In the brain (or in the camera viewfinder, the images are turned right side up) Work the same as still cameras Record multiple frames per second

5. HD cameras

6. Exposure The amount of light that comes through the lens The hole in the lens is called the aperture Large apertures let in lots of light Small apertures let in less light An f/stop is a measure of how big or little the aperture is Aperture numbers are fractions F/2 means the aperture is ½ as big across as the lens is long F/16 means that the aperture is 1/16 as big across as the lens is long

8. F-stops Each stop down admits ½ as much light as one before F/4 admits half as much light as F/2.8

9. Black and White vs Color BW Light sensitive emulsion and plastic base Color Plastic base with 3 emulsion layers: Red, Green and Blue

10. Film Stocks Faster Film (higher number—200 as ex. Can shoot in lower light) Slower Film (lower number—needs more light)

11. Color Temperature Light comes in different colors

12. ISO abbreviation International Organization for Standardization. Formerly ASA (American Standards Organization)

13. CCD Chips Can only handle one color of light source at a time Color temperature color filters Color temperature is a way to identify different colors of light sources Measured in degrees Kelvin Lord Kelvin devised the system Like 2500k Coal: 2000k is the reddish light produced at 2000 degrees Kelvin and 8000k is the bluish light produced by 8000 degrees Kelvin Color filters are used to convert the existing light to the color temperature required

14. HD Cameras Built in filters Set according to the light you’ll be shooting under Tungsten 3200k Mixed (Fluorescent) 4300k Daylight 5400k Shade 6000k

15. Tungsten vs Daylight White light is made up of three primary colors Eyes adjust Every light has a color temperature (Kelvin discovered that heating a block of carbon changed its color) His system does not relate directly to actual temperature Lower temps are warmer and Higher temps are bluer

16. Daylight vs Tungsten Balanced Film

17. Light Is made up of three different colors RGB A tungsten bulb and sunlight both look white to our eyes Film and video chips are more sensitive to different light sources Every light source has a temperature measured in degrees Kelvin

18. Different types of color film 500T Film “Tungsten Film” 50D Film “Daylight Film” 85 orange (Filter) 80a Blue (Filter) Filters absorb light at different rates and this is called the filter factor

21. White Balance