1. Great British Culture

2. Summary of Lecture Geography of the UK History of the UK
Traditional Culture
Modern Culture
Great British achievements
Weather
Tourism

3. Food and Drink
Famous Brits
Sports
Conclusion

4. Geography Scotland England Wales Northern Ireland
Britain is divided into five separate countries, Scotland, England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Their flags can be seen above. (NOTE: NORTHERN IRELAND HAS NO OFFICIAL FLAG, AND AT INTERNATIONAL EVENTS THEY FLY THE UNION FLAG. THE FLAG PICTURED ABOVE FOR IRELAND IS ST. PATRICK’S SALTIRE)

5. Geography of Scotland To the North of England
Has approximately 790 islands off its coast, including the Shetland isles and the Orkney islands
Is comprised of the Highlands and the Lowlands, separated by the Highland Boundary Fault

6. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Scotland

7. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland

8. Glasgow
Other cities include Glasgow, Aberdeen, Perth and Inverness
Aberdeen

9. Geography of Northern Ireland
Shares a border with the Republic of Ireland – Ireland was split into two in 1921
Is parted from the rest of Britain by the North Channel

10. Giant’s Causeway was created by volcanic activity and is comprised of solidified lava

11. Lough Neagh is the largest freshwater lake in the British Isles
Lough Neagh is the largest freshwater lake in the British Isles. It measures 151 square miles.

12. Belfast is the capital city

13. Geography of Wales Shares a border with England to the East
Is generally mountainous
Includes offshore islands, the largest of which is Anglesey

14. Snowdon is the highest mountain in Wales, located in a mountain chain known as Eryri.

15. Brecon Beacons National Park is a mountainous region of South Wales

16. Cardiff is the capital of Wales

17. Geography of England
Is bordered by Scotland to the North and Wales to the West
Has a number of small islands, the largest of which is the Isle of Wight
Is divided from France by the English Channel
Is generally lower and flatter than the rest of the UK

18. The Cotswolds are a series of rural English villages that are a stark contrast the large cities
Traditional style thatched houses. This is the picturesque British countryside, comparable perhaps with Andong or Gyeongju in South Korea.

19. The Lake District is the largest and most visited National Park in the UK

20. Manchester
Liverpool
Other large cities in England include:
Birmingham

21. London is the capital city of both England and the UK as a whole

22. History of Great Britain
Each of the four British countries are considered separate and all have their own history

23. History of Scotland
People began to settle in Scotland around 9,500 years ago
An example of the kind of structures they would have built

24. The Scottish people, then known as Caledonians, resisted the Romans fiercely
The Romans erected Hadrian’s Wall in order to try to control the Caledonian tribes

25. By the 13th century Scotland had assumed approximately its modern borders, due to it assuming ownership of Galloway and Caithness.
Many areas of Scotland became English-speaking during this period, however most retained the Gaelic language
Scotland was relatively at peace between the 12th to the 14th centuries

26. The Wars of Scottish independence, where Scotland resisted English rule, were waged from 1296 to 1328
The leaders of the Scottish resistance for this period were Andrew Moray and William Wallace
The person on the left is Andrew Moray, on the right is William Wallace. William Wallace has been made famous by Hollywood in the movie ‘Braveheart.’

27. On the 22nd of July 1706, representatives from Scotland and England agreed to the Treaty of Union.
The twin Acts of Union were passed on 1st of May 1707, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain was formed
This is the original union flag, formed from combining the English flag and the Scottish flag.
This is the reason why the country is called the United Kingdom. It is a constitutional monarchy comprised of four countries united under one flag.

28. History of Northern Ireland
The history of Northern Ireland begins in 1920, as that was when it was split from the Republic of Ireland by the Government of Ireland act of 1920
Before the split, it was known as Ulster
Flag of Ulster

29. The IRA, Irish Republican Army, were very opposed to the partition of Ireland and many died in political violence from 1920 to 1922
There was much tension between Catholics and Protestants, and in 1935 nine people were killed after a Protestant parade marched through a Catholic area of Belfast

30. The Troubles were a period of violence between the Unionist/Protestant and the Nationalist/Catholic communities of Northern Ireland
They continued from the late 1960s for several decades and are considered to have officially ended with the Good Friday agreement of 1998

31. History of Wales Wales has been inhabited for at least 29,000 years
Humans settled into farming life in Wales in about 6,000 years before present
Pictured above: Neolithic burial tomb in Anglesey – Bryn celli ddu

32. Roman conquest of Wales began in AD 48 and took 30 years to complete
Roman rule lasted over 300 years
Above: Roman remains in Aberystwyth

33. Post-Roman Wales was divided into a number of principalities and was not united until 1057
Llewellyn the Great became the first Prince of Wales in 1216
Llewellyn Ap Gryffudd – The grandson of Llewellyn the Great – Lost against the English in 1282 and the rule of Welsh princes ended

34. In 1536 the Act of Union was passed, and Wales legally became part of England – and later Great Britain

35. History of England
England’s first permanent settlements date to around 6000 years ago
Stonehenge was one of the monuments the earliest settlers erected during the Neolithic period

36. England was invaded by the Romans in AD 43 and was assimilated into the Roman empire as Britannia province – Many Latinate words from this period still survive in the English language
The empire did not withdraw from Britain until around the year 410

37. In the 9th century the Vikings conquered parts of England
This invasion had a major impact on the English language, as many new words and grammatical structures transferred from Norse to Anglo-Saxon
The Vikings were eventually pushed back by king Alfred the Great to a part of England that became known as Danelaw

38. In 1066 England was conquered by the Normans, and remained under Norman rule for over 300 years
The Norman rule had a massive effect on the English language, and many French words made their way into English vocabulary
English from the period after the Norman invasion is referred to as Early Modern English

39. The English civil war was fought between 1642 and 1651
It was fought between supporters of Parliament and supporters of King Charles I
These two factions were known as Roundheads and Cavaliers
These wars eventually gave rise to the Bill of Rights in 1689, which established that the King and Parliament would rule together but Parliament would have the real power

40. Traditional Culture
Each of the four countries of the UK have their own separate traditional culture

41. Traditional Culture of Scotland

42. Tha gaol agam ort The traditional language of Scotland is Scots Gaelic
An example of written Scots Gaelic:
Tha gaol agam ort
Tha gaol agam ort = I love you

43. Some of the most famous artefacts of Scottish traditional culture are the kilt and the bagpipes

44. Scottish people celebrate the last day of the old year and the first day of the new year as Hogmanay
Pictured: hogmanay fireworks over Edinburgh
Other Scottish holidays include St Andrew's day and burns supper

45. It was written in early Scots, a dialect of English
The earliest surviving Scottish text is the epic poem Brus written by John Barbour in the 14th century
It was written in early Scots, a dialect of English
Pictured: the most famous quote from the poem

46. Traditional Culture of Northern Ireland

47. Gráím thú The traditional language of Ireland is Gaelic
An example of written Gaelic:
Gráím thú
Gráím thú = I love you

48. The most famous Irish holiday is St Patrick’s Day, which is celebrated in many countries

49. Traditional Culture of Wales

50. Rwy’n dy garu di The traditional language of Wales is Welsh
An example of written Welsh:
Rwy’n dy garu di

51. The Eisteddfod is a popular event in Wales where people compete in competitions of dancing, singing, poetry, writing, and many more.

52. It is from this poem that the legend of King Arthur originally came
The earliest written Welsh text is the epic poem Y Gododdin, which was written in the 6th century
It is from this poem that the legend of King Arthur originally came
Another famous Welsh text is
Y Mabinogi, which was a series
of Welsh myths and legends
Included y mabinogi because there’s a Korean videogame called mabinogi 마비노기

53. These are traditional Welsh outfits, which are mostly worn by schoolchildren on St David’s Day

54. Traditional Culture of England

55. Old English was called Anglo-Saxon
One of the most famous Anglo-Saxon texts is the epic poem Beowulf

56. Morris Dancing is a traditional English dance

57. Modern Culture

58. The BBC is the most popular TV channel in the UK and produces many television programmes
Skins.

59. Britain is famed for its literature
One of the most popular recent British book series were the Harry Potter novels

60. Many popular video games are made in the UK, including Grand Theft Auto and Tomb Raider

61. Britain also produces many movies

62. Drinking is a large part of modern British culture
The government has been taking steps, such as raising the tax on alcohol, to cut down on binge drinking

63. British Achievements
Britain was once the richest and most powerful country in the world
Due to the influence of the British empire, English is now one of the most international languages and is spoken in many countries

64. Britain created many inventions, including the Television, RADAR, the steam engine, and the postage stamp
Industrial revolution.
First programmable Computer (Babbage) World wide web (not to be confused with internet) telephone, steam locomotive (train)

65. Notable British Inventions

66. The British Empire
The British empire was established between the 16th and 18th centuries
At its height, the British empire ruled a fifth of the world’s population and a quarter of the earth’s land mass
Countries in red are countries once owned by Britain

67. Weather in Britain
Britain has a maritime temperate climate, and gets a lot of rain

68. British people will often start conversations by commenting on the weather, whether it’s been good or bad
British people can be sensitive about their weather, and unless you yourself are British it is generally best to avoid saying anything negative about it

69. The temperature varies within different parts of Britain
The more northern, the colder it is, and so Scotland gets the coldest weather
Wales gets the most rain as it is very mountainous, and Swansea is the rainiest place in the UK

70. Traditional British food

71. The most iconic British dish is probably fish and chips
Most British people buy their fish and chips from shops known commonly as ‘chippys’

72. A traditional Scottish food is the Haggis
A traditional Scottish food is the Haggis. It is a savoury pudding containing sheep's heart, liver and lungs; minced with onion, oatmeal, suet, spices, and salt, mixed with stock, and traditionally encased in the animal's stomach.

73. Welshcakes are cakes sold all over Wales
Welshcakes are cakes sold all over Wales. They are flat cakes cooked on a grill pan containing spices and dried fruit, topped with sugar.

74. Irish Stew is a traditional Irish dish made from mutton or lamb, carrots, potatoes and parsley
Wales also has its own kind of stew, cawl cennyn (leek stew) that includes leeks

75. Modern British cuisine is heavily influenced by the food of other countries due to the influence of the empire, and curry is one of the most popular British foods

76. Tourism in Britain

77. London has many tourist attractions, including the London Eye and Buckingham Palace

78. Places of rural beauty, such as the Lake District, the Scottish Highlands or the Brecon Beacons are also popular tourist destinations

79. Famous British people
Beatles, David Beckham, Winston Churchill, Charles Darwin, Shakespeare, Sir Isaac Newton, Queen Elizabeth I and II, Rooney, Bale, J K Rowling, Jude Law, Daniel Craig, Daniel Radcliffe, Keira Knightley, Mick Jagger, Stephen Hawking, Hugh Grant, Queen Victoria, Henry VIII, Lady Gaga (!) Adele, Muse (band) Kate Winslet, Emma Watson, Thom Yorke (radiohead) Kelly Jones (stereophonics)

80. Britain has many famous actors and actresses, including: Daniel Craig, Daniel Radcliffe, Robert Pattinson, Dame Judi Dench, Orlando Bloom and Emma Watson

81. Britain also has many famous authors, including: Shakespeare, J. R. R
Britain also has many famous authors, including: Shakespeare, J.R.R. Tolkien, J.K.Rowling, Charles Dickens and Lewis Carroll

82. Britain has many famous musicians and bands, including: Oasis, Elton John, Arctic Monkeys, The Cure, Pink Floyd, Queen, and, of course, The Beatles

83. Britain also has many famous sports personalities, including: David Beckham, Andy Murray, Lewis Hamilton, and Sir Chris Hoy

84. Sports in Britain

85. Sports invented in Britain include: badminton, rugby, cricket, snooker, darts, football, table tennis, and bowls

86. Conclusion
Great British Culture has influenced the world immensely, from Hong Kong to the United States, the spread of empire meant the spread of the English language.
Britain consists of four separate countries which are now united and share a common culture, as well as their own unique identities.
Britain is known for being rainy. British people don’t care about the rain. They go out without umbrellas in many cases.

87. Conclusion 2
The capital cities of the UK and England is London, whereas Cardiff is the capital of Wales, Edinburgh- Scotland and Belfast- Northern Ireland.
Britain has a long history, owned the largest empire in world history, and spread the English language.
Britain has contributed many inventions to the world.