1. Microbiology and Biotechnology

2. Microbiology Aims 1. Investigate the presence of micro- organisms in air and soil 2. List three common illnesses caused by viruses and three caused by bacteria

3. What is a micro-organism? An organism which is very small. Examples of micro-organisms: Bacteria – e.g. E.coli, Samonella Virus - e.g. flu virus, HIV Fungi

4. click on the image to find out…

5. Bacteria A single cell organism Multiply quickly Helpful in Antibiotics and Decay Not so good as they Spoil food, cause tooth decay and diseases

6. click on the title to see… Each cell divides to give two/four/eight…..

7. Micro-organisms need: Food Correct temperature Suitable medium on which to grow… Bacteria grow quickly between 30 0 C and 40 0 C

8. Micro-organisms can be easily seen growing in colonies if a clear medium is used e.g. agar jelly gelatin http://www.sciencehound.com/science_project_community/node/5333

9. Colonies of bacteria are seen as ‘blobs’ on the surface of the medium…

10. Different soils contain different bacteria http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/epfs/Soilqualityandbiologicalindicators.htmwww.ceh.ac.uk/sections/epfs/Soilqualityandbiologicalindicators.htm

11. ANTIBIOTICS… these are chemical made by some micro- organisms to kill bacteria. Penicillin was ‘discovered’ in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming White blood cells do the same job. http://www.uio.no/conferences/imc7/NFotm2000/February2000.htmwww.uio.no/conferences/imc7/NFotm2000/February2000.htm Penicillin is produced by the fungus we call ‘blue mould’

12. Virus They are parasites that attack cells They multiply inside our cells and then burst out killing the cell

13. This image is of a bird flu virus http://www.influenza-pandemic.com/page1.htmlwww.influenza-pandemic.com/page1.html BIRD FLU VIRUS… an epidemic of flu began spreading through the worlds bird population in 2005.

14. http://library.thinkquest.org/26467/enviromental_health.htmlibrary.thinkquest.org/26467/enviromental_health.htm This is one way a virus can spread. Are there others?

15. Which are caused by bacteria and which by virus? food poisoning meningitis bronchitis flu cold septic throat AIDS click here to check your answers

16. BACTERIALVIRAL food poisoningcold septic throatflu bronchitisAIDS meningitis can be caused by either

17. YOUR TASK: find out which micro-organism causes the following: verucca spots pneumonia warts rabies ulcers TB

18. Fungi Not all are small No chlorophyll so live on organic matter. Yeast and producing antibiotics the main uses Also athlete’s foot and other poisons

19. Bacteria in vaccinationsYeast in bread production Fungi in antibiotic productionYeast in alcohol production Do you know more uses? Enzymes in contact lens cleanersBacteria in yogurt production MedicineIndustry Some uses of biotechnology in… Biotechnology is the use of living things to make useful products

20. H/W P144 Q 2-5