1. GEO STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN
Muhammad Ali Khan

2. Out line Geographical Position of Pakistan.
Relations with neighboring countries.
Importance of Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea.
Importance of Pakistan with reference to land lock countries.
Super Power’s Interest.
Pakistan’s Relations with Super Powers.
Regional Importance of Pakistan.
Front line state against the War on terrorism.
Conclusion

4. GEO-STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN
Location
West part of South Asia. It lies between the latitudes of degree and degree north and between the longtitudes of 61 degree and degree east of Greenwich.
Total Area
sq km broad East to West.
1600 kms north to south and about 885 kms broad east to west.

5. Boundaries
March with Iran, Afghanistan and India bounded to west by Iran
To the North by Afghanistan to the North East by China.
To the East and South East by India and to the South by Arabian Sea
Pakistan is separated from Tajikistan by a narrow strip of Afghan territory called “WAKHAN”

6. Border
PAKISTAN shares border 2252 km long common border (Durand Line) with Afghanistan
585 kms long border with China
805 kms long border with Iran
700 kms long coast with the Arabian Sea

7. Geographical Position of Paksitan
Map of the Pakistan.
Locations of the neighboring countries.
Border sharing with the neighboring countries.
Sea-ports of the Pakistan.
Border sharing with the Arabian Sea.
Importance of the Persian Gulf.
U.S.A’s interest in the Persian Gulf.
60-70% Oil trade of the world through Persian Gulf.
Pakistan’s Border sharing with two atomic powers.

8. Importance of the neighboring countries
India
Indian population is more than 1.2 billion.
India as an emerging power in the region.
Pakistan-India clashes.
China
China’s population is more than 1.5 billion.
China is emerging economical super power in the world.
China’s policies with the neighboring countries.
Afghanistan
Afghanistan’s position in the world regarding war on terrorism.
Iran
Iran’s importance regarding oil producing gulf countries.
Iran’s foreign policy-U.S.A contained in the region.
Threat of the clash between U.S.A and Iran in the Persian gulf.

9. Relations with neighboring countries
Pakistan’s relations with India.
Pakistan’s hard diplomacy and foreign policy towards India.
Bone of contention between Pakistan and India.
Regional hegemony of India.
Role of SAARC
Pakistan’s relations with China.
Friendship based on individuals interest.
Friendship between developed and developing countries.
Importance of Gawader Port for the china

11. Cont… Pakistan's relations with Iran.
Iran’s importance regarding oil producing countries.
Iran’s interests in Pakistan.
Regional Importance of Iran for Pakistan.
Gas pipeline agreement between Pakistan and Iran.
Role of U.S.A in the region particularly regarding Iran’s foreign policy
Pakistan’s relations with Afghanistan.
Participation of Pakistan in proxy war at Afghanistan against Russia.
Border security Issue.
Indian’s involvement in Pakistan through western Border.
Talibinization.
Role of U.S.A in the friendship of Pakistan and Afghanistan.
U turn in the Pakistan’s Foreign Policy regarding Afghanistan.

12. Importance of Persian Gulf
Location of Persian Gulf.
Gulf Countries issue and role of U.S.A.
Presence of US Navy.
Role of Iran’s policies to contain the U.S.A’s policies.
Importance of Gawader.
China’s interest in the Persian Gulf.
US hegemony threatening by the china’s presence.

14. Pakistan’s Importance regarding Trade for the Land Lock Countries
Pakistan’s enjoys friendly relations with central Asian countries
Importance of Pakistan for the Afghan trade and transit trade is vital.
China’s interest of trade through Pakistan.
Trade’s impacts on Pakistan’s economy.
Role of foreign agencies in the Pakistan to hurt the china’s interest in Pakistan.

15. Interests of Super Powers
Importance of Pakistan since cold war era.
U-2
China USA relation
Importance of Pakistan in the proxy war against communism in Afghanistan
US’ support for intervene in the war for Pakistan.
Success of the U.S.A and U turn of the U.S.A in Russia- Afghan war.
China’s economic and Military interests in the region.
Gawader to Control the Indian Occasion
Negative Role of India in the region.
TTP and other banned outfits

16. 7th US Fleet

17. Pakistan’s Relation with Super Powers.
Pak-US relations.
Pakistan’s entry into capitalist block.
Ups and downs in the Pak-U.S relations during 50s-60s.
Pakistan supported by U.S.A in the Russian- Afghan war.
Pak- Russia Relations.
Pak-U.S.S.R relations during 60s-70s.
Gift of the Steel Mill for Pakistan
Bhutto’s policies of socialism

18. Regional Importance Role of Pakistan in SAARC.
2nd Important Member
Indian’s hegemony in the region and counter policies of Pakistan.
Atomic Power
Pakistan’s relations with other SAARC countries.
Role of other super powers in the region.
As first Defense line of China
First proxy in the WOT
Interest of other super powers in the region.
US-China
US-USSR

19. Pakistan as a Front Line State
War on Terrorism.
War against Communism
Origin of the terrorism.
Location of Pakistan regarding war issues.
Pakistan’s U turn from Supporting Talban to TTP
Role of Pakistan in war on terrorism.
50 K Martyrs, Economic Loss
Suffering of Pakistan in that war.
Role of Pakistan’s agencies in this war.

20. Conclusion
Drawbacks and benefits of the geo strategic and importance of Pakistan
War ridden economy
Terrorism
Economic Dependency
Play ground of Superpowers
Buffer Zone for Sectarian Clashes
Future of Pakistan is bright
Political and Military strategic plan of Pakistan.
Economic potential of Pakistan
Transit trade
Oil Roots
Change in Foreign Policy

21. What can we earn ? National Interest National Security.
Territorial Integrity.
Economic well being.
National Prestige.

22. Foreign Policy of Pakistan

23. FOREIGN POLICY OF PAKISTAN
Concept
“The external policy of an independent, sovereign state which it pursues in its relations with other nations of the world in order to seek its national interest.”
“The external policy of the state which it pursues to preserve its ideological character, safeguard its territorial integrity, maintain its political sovereignty and guarantee its economic well being”

24. DETERMINENTS OF PAKISTAN’S FOREIGN POLICY
National Interest Supported by
Geo-Political Settings.
Historical Legacies and Past Traditions.
Socio-Economic Condition.
Political Systems and Structure.
Ideological Considerations.
Decision Makers Dream, Images and Motives.
External Environment.
Power Considerations.
National Interest.

25. ELEMENTS AFFECTING FOREIGN POLICY
Technology leaves impact on foreign policy.
The national capacity of a state also exercises profound influence on the foreign policy of state.
The social structure of a society also exercise profound influence on its foreign policy.
Public opinion is another important element of country’s foreign policy.

26. ELEMENTS AFFECTING FOREIGN POLICY
The political organization found in a country also greatly influences the foreign policy. For example under authoritarian systems quick foreign policy decisions are taken
The press also plays a vital role in foreign policy formulation process
The nature of political accountability prevailing in a system also greatly influence the foreign policy of the state.
The leadership also plays a vital role in the shaping of a country’s foreign policy
The great power structure prevailing in the world politics also greatly influence the policy of a country

27. ELEMENTS AFFECTING FOREIGN POLICY
While making foreign policy the state has to take note of the international law, treaties and contracts.
While formulating its foreign policy a country has to take note of the reaction of other states to its various actions.
Alliances concluded by various states also greatly influence the foreign policy.
The world public opinion also influences the state’s foreign policy.

28. PHASES OF PAKISTAN’S FOREIGN POLICY
Phase-I (The Era of Neutrality)
Phase-II (The Era of Alignment)
(1)Pak-US Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement.
(2)South-East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO)
(3)Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)

29. PHASES OF PAKISTAN’S FOREIGN POLICY
Phase-III (The Era of Bilateralism)
Phase-IV (The Era of Non-Alignment)
Phase-V Onwards(Quest for Multilateral Foreign Policy)
Restructuring of Foreign Policy Keeping in view of Geo-Strategic Importance