1. COSMETOLOGY:
THE HISTORY AND
OPPORTUNITIES

2. What is a Cosmetologist?
In your group, list all of the qualities and skills that you believe are required of a cosmetologist.

3. Professional expert in practical skills areas
DID YOUR GROUP GUESS…
Advise giver
Professional expert in practical skills areas
Artistic
Designer
Creator
Trustworthy

4. Poised and well groomed Effective communicator
Businessperson
Self-promoter
Poised and well groomed
Effective communicator
Being current with trends and technologies
Good listener

5. In your group, list on flip chart paper all of the occupations you believe are included in the Cosmetology profession.
For some, you will need to think “outside of the box”

6. I am responsible for my own education
Add:
I am responsible for my own education

7. Cosmetology includes: * hairstyling * nail technology * esthetics
Curly-hairstyles.blogspot.com
Caofb.com/esthetics
Coolnaolsart.com/bubbles

8. Cosmetology: Barber: Greek word: kosmetikos
Means: skilled in the use of cosmetics
Barber:
Latin word: barba
Means: the beard or the hair of the beard.

9. Review 1. What services can a cosmetologist perform?
2. List four qualities a cosmetologist should have.
3. Explain the origin of the word cosmetology . (Include detail)

10. Archeological studies:
Reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced as early as the glacial age
Implements Used:
Sharpened flints
Oyster shells
Bone
Animal sinew
Strips of hide
                                  

11. Color matter made from:
Berries Bark of trees
Minerals Insects
Nuts Herbs
Leaves And other materials
Danielmeissler.com
Takegreatpictures.com

12. Ancient Egyptians:
The first to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion
***Barbers serviced the nobility and the priesthood over 6,000 years ago

13. Charismaallover.wordpress.com
Sheniquemag.blogspot.com

14. * cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits
first to use:
* cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits
* in religious ceremonies
* preparing the deceased for burial

15. * minerals, insects, and berries to create makeup
3000 B.C.
* minerals, insects, and berries to create makeup
* henna to stain the hair and nails
* first to use
essential oils
Mnsu.edu
Womensnet.com/about hair history
Americanaromatherapy.com

16. *mixture of ground galena (a black mineral)
created kohl makeup
*mixture of ground galena (a black mineral)
* sulfur
* animal fat
Makeupweb.guide.com

17. * used to heavily line the eyes
* alleviate eye inflammations
* protect the eyes from the glare of the sun
In ancient Egypt and Rome, military commanders stained their nails and lips in matching colors before important battles

18. Chinese
1600 B.C. aristocrats
* rubbed tinted mixtures onto their nails
* turned crimson or ebony
1100 B.C.
* gold and silver were royal colors
* commoners caught wearing a royal nail color faced a punishment of death

19. Egyptian and Roman women temporarily
***Egyptian and Roman women temporarily waved their hair by applying a mixture of soil and water (mud) to the hair and wrapping it around crudely made wooden rollers to bake in the sun
***In Africa, hair was groomed with intricately carved combs and adorned with beads, clay and colored bands

20. color of a persons nails was a sign of rank:
FYI:
**Prior to 3000 B.C. nail care is recorded in Egypt and China
color of a persons nails was a sign of rank:
*high social rank: red-orange henna
*kings and queens: deep red
*people of lower rank: pale colors
in China, nails were painted red or black

21. hairstyling-highly developed art
The Greeks (500 B.C.)
hairstyling-highly developed art
used perfumes and cosmetics in religious rites, in grooming, and for medicinal purposes
developed excellent method
of dressing the hair and
caring for the skin and nails
Karenswhimsy.com

22. mangatutorials.com
Stcatherinesprimary.co.uk
Karenswhimsy.com

23. used white lead on faces, kohl on eyes and
used white lead on faces, kohl on eyes and vermillion on cheeks and lips
vermillion
bright red pigment by grinding
cinnabar
~ a mineral that is the chief source of mercury
The fine powder was mixed with ointment or dusted on the skin in the same way as cosmetics are applied today
Margretshort.typepad.com

24. Romans (296 B.C.) facials of milk, bread and fine wine were popular
mixture of chalk and lead used for facial cosmetic
hairstyling services introduced; women used hair color to indicate class in society as follows:
- noblewomen: red hair
- middle-class women: blonde
- poor women: black

25. Julius Caesar 101-44 BC had his face tweezed everyday
this started a trend among
the men of that time

26. Explore-italian-culture.com
Roman-colosseum.info
Crystallyn.vox.vom
Digonsite.com
Eternallycool.net

27. Middle ages
included towering headdresses, intricate hairstyles, and cosmetics
around 1000 A.D. an alchemist refined the process of steam distillation which is still used to create essentials oils today
***Vocabulary word:
Alchemy-pre-scientific chemistry, usually with fluids, juices and the elixir of longevity.

28. Usiweb.usi.edu
Edarlein.deviantart.com
Herstoria.com

29. transition from medieval to modern history
Renaissance
transition from medieval to modern history
shaved eyebrows and hairline-thought to give the women a look of greater intelligence
highly colored cosmetics were
discouraged.
Wholesale.garison.com

30. Press.princeton.edu
Abeautyglorious.blogspot.com
2.ivcc.rdu

31. Barbering and Medicine
The Barber Pole-symbol of the barber-surgeon, has its roots from the bloodletting procedure that was once thought to strengthen the immune system
Pole = the staff; patients held a staff tightly in order for the veins in the arm to stand out.
Bottom = basin; basin was the vessel that caught the blood.

32. Hillsdalebarnantiques.com
Azbarberboard.us

33. 3. White bandages stop blood; the bandages used to stop the bleeding were hung on the staff to dry.
The stained bandages would twist around the pole forming the red/white candy-cane pattern.
Another interpretation is that the red represented the blood, blue the veins, and white the bandages.
Barbers still use the symbol today.

34. Add: Marcel Grateau invented the marcel iron
Victorian Age
FYI: many changes in hair care
Add: Marcel Grateau invented the marcel iron
1875; Frenchman, Marcel Grateau, developed hot irons for waving and curling the hair. Known today as marcel waving
Purespadirect.com
Jiunlimites.com

35. 1892; Frenchman, Alexander F. Godefroy, invented a
hot-blast hair dryer
1890; First hairdressing academy opening in Chicago by Frenchman, Bribois and Federmeyer.
Probeautykit.com

36. to preserve the health and beauty of the skin, women used beauty masks made from natural ingredients
pinched their cheeks and bit their lips to colorize rather than use cosmetics

37. The Twentieth Century
shift in American attitudes caused by the movie industry
viewers wanted the flawless complexions, beautiful hairstyles, manicured nails, changing the standards of feminine beauty
beauty began to follow trends

38. Vivien Leigh 1940’s Jean Harlow 1930’s Elizabeth Taylor 1950’s
Newhotstuff.net

39.
Max Factor began making and selling makeup to movie stars that would not cake or crack, even under the hot studio lights
Rubylane.com
Onlineauction.com

40. History of Permanent Waving
1905, Charles Nessler invented heavily wired machine that supplied electrical current to metal rods around which hair strands were wrapped
units were heated
kept away from the scalp by counterbalancing weights suspended from an overhead chandelier mounted to a stand

41. Internet source:

42. Two methods were used to wind hair strands around the metal units:
Spiral wrap: long hair was wound from scalp to ends
Croquignole wrap: for short hair, wound from ends to scalp.

43. Success story of the cosmetology industry Madam C.J. Walker
daughter of a former slave
born Sarah Breedlove in 1867
                    
during the 1890’s she suffered from a scalp condition and began to lose her hair.
she experimented with store-bought products and home-made remedies
Inventors.about.com

44. 1929 invented hair grower scalp conditioner
devised sophisticated sales and marketing strategies and traveled extensively giving product demonstrations
built a factory, hair salon and training school
by developing more products her empire grew
1929

45. gave time and money to organizations like NAACP and the YMCA
organized the first national meetings for businesswomen
pioneer of the modern black hair care and cosmetic industry
Scribalterror.blogs.com
Urbanstages.org

46. cosmetic industry grew rapidly
ad’s expenditures in radio alone went from $390, to $3.2 million by the end of the decade
Digitalhistory.uh.edu
Vintagepowderroom.com

47. 1931, preheat method was. introduced-hair was. wrapped in
1931, preheat method was introduced-hair was wrapped in the croquinole method
clamps heated by a separate electrical machine were place over the wound curls
Dehaarsite.nl

48. 1932, a method that used external heat. generated
1932, a method that used external heat generated by chemical reaction was introduced
small flexible pads containing a chemical mixture were wound around hair strands
pads moistened with water released a chemical heat creating long-lasting curls
machineless permanent wave was born

49. dramatic shift in nail cosmetics
1932
Revlon marketed the first nail polish (not stain) using formulas borrowed from the car paint industry
dramatic shift in nail cosmetics
array of nail lacquer colors available
early screen stars started the trend of wearing these colors on their fingers and toes
Quirkyfinds.com

50. 1932-Clairol created permanent haircolor
1938 the cold wave was invented that used no machine or heat
considered to be the precursor to the modern perm
                     
Library.duke.edu
Ebay.com

51. 1941, scientists developed waving lotion that did not require heat
*called cold wave
                   
Modernlab.com

52. today, the term “texture service” is used
today, the term “texture service” is used to describe the variety of permanent wave services and straightening services available for different hair types and conditions
Just-hairstyles.com
Hairstyles-pictures.com

53. introduction of tube mascara,
introduction of tube mascara,
improved hair care,
and nail products
Southportbeautysalon.com
Nailsupplywebsite.com

54. boom and death of the
weekly salon
appointment
Flickr.com

55. 1960’s-Vidal Sassoon’s revolutionary geometric haircuts
Discoveringhair.wordpress.com
Ladybear.gaia.com
Campuscircle.net

56. 1970’s highlighting techniques of “hair weaving” using aluminum foil
Tpcs-auction.org
Zebrahairandbeauty.com

57. ***physical fitness, nutrition, day spas
1980’s heavy use of eye make-up and blush…and really BIG HAIR, just ask Mrs. Kucas
***physical fitness, nutrition, day spas
Images.mix.com
Moviedearest.blogspot.com

58. 1990’s haircolor became gentler,. allowing everyone to be able to
1990’s haircolor became gentler, allowing everyone to be able to color their hair without breakage
                   
Hairsandiego.com
Pitchengine.com
Hairstyle-blog.com

59. 1998-Creative Nail Design introduced the first spa pedicure
***nail art also entered the seen by the 1990’s
Yelp.com
Looklocally.com

60. Nailartgallery.com
Breakforfunzarke.net
Kaskus.us

61. 21st Century
gentle-no fade hair colors
estheticians rejuvenate the face and keep sunspots, and mild acne under control
specialization became popular-hair colorist, hair cutting specialist, nail technician, etc, providing a full array of services

62. haircoloring in the twentieth century has
***haircoloring in the twentieth century has become a multibillion-dollar industry of professional products!!!!!!!
***the huge growth in day spas has also been a significant development
*** the domain of cosmetology has changed dramatically . All the new services and skills have transformed and expanded the role of cosmetologists, requiring them to know more than ever and to make continuing education a necessity

63. men’s-only specialty shops and barber. spas have gained popularity,
men’s-only specialty shops and barber spas have gained popularity, providing new opportunities for men’s nail care specialists
Luxury-insider.com
Psfk.com
Reviewjournal.com

64. Career Opportunities
Haircolor specialist-perform color services. Work for a product manufacturer
                          
Beautyschools.edu
Beautifulhairsandiego.com

65. Texture specialist
~ perming
~ straightening
~ training others
~ work for manufacturer

66. Ehow.com
Stylekandy.com
Easy-hairstyles.com

67. Cutting specialist-learning various cutting styles and techniques
Perfect your own skills
Develop your own method of cutting hair
(everyone develops their own way of cutting hair)

68. Plumstudiossalon.com
Guidespot.com

69. Salon trainer- train others
management and interpersonal relationship training
large organizations ( not limited to)

70. Distributor sales consultant-salon
new products, new trends, and new techniques
excellent opportunity

71. Cosmetology instructor
Add: terms only-not definitions
***Salon stylist- performs all services offered in a salon. Could be asked to handle any number of tasks and duties in the salon

72. Wig or extensions specialist-change the
***Wig or extensions specialist-change the length , texture and color by adding extensions, through braiding, weaving, bonding, gluing, or sewing. Wigs, especially for people who experience hair loss. Or a men’s hair replacement specialist
Cambridge.gumtree.com
Jamaica-newyork.olx.com

73. handling merchandise and inventory
***Retail specialist
handling merchandise and inventory
Thedressingroomsalon.com
divasalonspa,.com

74. ***Skin Care Specialist/Esthetician-
offers treatments
makeup
work with Dermatologists
Many will own their own business

75. Instituteofaesthetics.org
Designingbeautyacademy.com
Dominelli.com

76. ***Makeup artist-
able to blend, shade, and create any image
work with a private clientele
makeup director for a department store
represent a line of cosmetics
work in TV or film, fashion magazines, theater, independent freelancer

77. Centennialcollege.ca
Flickr.com

78. Nail technician-provide clients with manicures and pedicures,
***Nail technician-provide clients with manicures and pedicures, nail art, artificial nail services
***Day Spa stylist or technician-all salon services plus treatments like body massage, body wraps, hydrotherapy. A day spa may be the ideal professional environment for you

79. Beautynewsnyc.com
Funandsun.com

80. ***Salon manager-
helps team members achieve their goals
Job includes purchasing, personnel development, advertising, sales, budgeting, and people skills

81. ***Salon owner-
responsibilities and challenges
Sets the standard for the quality of service in the workplace
make the decisions of products and services
handle the business end, paying bills, payroll, taxes, etc.

82. Speak to groups of people
***Product educator
Travel is a must
Speak to groups of people
Lastheplace.com

83. cosmetic manufacturers consultant for several companies
***Cosmetic chemist-
cosmetic manufacturers
consultant for several companies
be on a panel that studies products
Further education may be required
Lsct.com

84. Session stylist-stylist for models. being photographed for magazines
***Session stylist-stylist for models being photographed for magazines or books
Rheeviews.com
Hji.co.uk

85. Ftape.com

86. ***Hairstylist for TV, movies, or theater work with celebrities.
Mastionne.com
Epicartistry.com

87. Styles director/artistic director-works. with videographers, fashion
***Styles director/artistic director-works with videographers, fashion magazines, publishing companies
***Design team member-creates presentations for fashion shows, runway work, hair shows, etc. On the cutting edge of fashion and design

88. ***Platform artist-on stage, performing for people, sharing knowledge and traveling. Demonstrates current trends and techniques. Salon experience is a must
Arrojostudio.com

89. Competition Champion- “the best” display
***Competition Champion- “the best” display their individual talents and techniques. Often establishes their own salon, works as trainers, and sets a high standard for pricing
***Educator-work as an educational consultant for a product manufacturer, educator in the private or technical sector, school director.

90. Writer-for articles, books, brochures,. produce videos
***Writer-for articles, books, brochures, produce videos. Work for a publishing company
***State board member-take a proactive role in the regulatory issues affecting the cosmetology industry. You could also become a state board examiner or a state board inspector

91. ***Salon industry grosses about $50 billion a year in revenue
no limit to your possibilities
develop your skills
most creative and unique career

92. Salon Management
management opportunities are diverse
* inventory manager
* department head
* special events manager
* assistant manager
* general manager

93. Salon owner
* enroll in business classes to learn about managing:
~ products
~ departments
~ people

94. Reflectionssaloninc.com
Identity-uk.com

95. You must decide whether you want to work in:
Specialty salon
Full-service salon (hair, skin, and nail services)
Day spa (skin, body, nail, and hair services that emphasize beauty and wellness

96. focus on your studies
subscribe and read professional publications
become a member in trade associations
continue your education by attending workshops outside of school
your personal dedication and passion will fuel your career
be excited, you are on your way!!