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TS TRENDS IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN: WATER MASS CHANGES AND VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS (HEAVING) Patricia Zunino Rodríguez Manolo Vargas Yáñez M. Carmen.

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Presentation on theme: "TS TRENDS IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN: WATER MASS CHANGES AND VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS (HEAVING) Patricia Zunino Rodríguez Manolo Vargas Yáñez M. Carmen."— Presentation transcript:

1 TS TRENDS IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN: WATER MASS CHANGES AND VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS (HEAVING) Patricia Zunino Rodríguez Manolo Vargas Yáñez M. Carmen García Martínez Francina Moya CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009

2 1. Trends in the Western Mediterranean: state of the art WMED deep waters have warmed and increased its salinity during the second half of the XX th century WMED intermediate waters have increased its salinity No robust results have been obtained related to temperature in the WMED intermediate waters CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009

3 2. How have these trends been estimated? CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009 Temperature and salinity profiles MEDAR database (2002) From 1943 to 2000 500 0 2500 PRESSURE (dbar) 1943 1948 1961 2000

4 2. How have these trends been estimated? CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009 100 dbar 500 dbar anomaly + anomaly - TEMPERATURE SALINITY 1991

5 2. How have these trends been estimated? CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009 Temperature anomaly 0 0.5 - 0.5 Time (year) 19432000 0.006 ºC yr -1 100 dbar Trends on isobaric surfaces don’t necessarily imply water mass changes

6 3. Contribution to trends in each pressure level Changes on isobaric surfaces can be decomposed into: a. Changes on isopycnal surfaces (changes in water masses) b. Vertical displacements (heaving, Bindoff & McDougall, 1994) Both effects could add or cancel, enhancing or masking possible water mass trends in a determined pressure level CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009

7 3. Contribution to trends in each isobaric level a)Changes on isopycnals (water mass changes): Related with the heat and freshwater exchange in the ocean- atmosphere interface CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009 1000 dbar Q E - P T, S, =  CHANGE ON ISOBARIC SURFACES AND CHANGE ON ISOPYCNAL SURFACES

8 3. Contribution to trends in each pressure level b. Isopycnal vertical displacement: marine dynamics CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009 wind TT NO WATER MASS CHANGE

9 QE-P Outflow 1000 dbr 3. Contribution to trends in each pressure level b. Isopycnal vertical displacement: deep water formation CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009 T S T, S,  V 29.096 Kg m -3 NO WATER MASS CHANGE T, S,  V

10 3. Contribution to trends in each pressure level How to estimate both contributions? Bindoff & McDougall [1994] CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009 dd dt z = dd  - dp dt  ∂θ ∂p isobaric surfaces isopycnal surfaces heaving This decomposition have never been applied in the WMED, but it is so common in other world´s ocean

11 HEAVINGISOPYCNAL SURFACESISOBARIC SURFACES CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009 4. Our results b) Results: Deep layer (600 dbar- bottom) TEMPERATURE 0.0032 ± 0.0030 ºC yr -1 0.0075 ± 0.0071 ºC yr -1 -0.0057 ± 0.0053 ºC yr-1 29.093 Kg m -3 29.096 Kg m -3 29.099 Kg m -3 -14.02 ± 10.67 dbar yr -1

12 ISOPYNAL SURFACESHEAVING CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009 4. Our results b) Results: Deep layer (600 dbar- bottom) SALINITY 0.0013 ± 0.0010 yr -1 0.0023 ± 0.0021 yr -1 -0.0012 ± 0.0011 yr -1 29.093 Kg m -3 29.096 Kg m -3 29.099 Kg m -3 0.0017 ± 0.0011 yr -1 0.0023 ± 0.0010 yr -1 0.0017 ± 0.0011 yr -1 ISOBARIC SURFACES

13 ISOPYCNAL SURFACESISOBARIC SURFACES CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009 4. Our results b) Results: Intermediate layer (200 - 600 dbar) TEMPERATURE No significative trend 0.0058 ± 0.0054 ºC yr -1 -0.0048 ± 0.0032 ºC yr -1 29.068 Kg m -3 29.089 Kg m -3 0.0035 ± 0.0030 ºC yr -1 0.0040 ± 0.0038 ºC yr -1 29.068 Kg m -3 29.089 Kg m -3 -4.35 ± 3.45 dbar yr -1 -9.53 ± 9.12 dbar yr -1 HEAVING

14 4. Our results b) Results: Intermediate layer (200 - 600 dbar) SALINITY 0.0027 ± 0.0026 yr -1 0.0017 ± 0.0016 yr -1 0.0019 ± 0.0017 yr -1 -0.0008 ± 0.0007 yr -1 CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009 Pressure (dbar) - Salinity + 29.068 Kg m -3 29.089 Kg m -3 -4.35 ± 3.45 dbar yr -1 -9.53 ± 9.12 dbar yr -1 increase decrease ISOPYCNAL SURFACESISOBARIC SURFACESHEAVING

15 5. CONCLUSION CLIVAR ESPAÑA 11-13 febrero 2009 Subestimation of temperature and salinity trends of the deep waters masses when trends were estimated on isobaric surfaces Intermediate waters in the WMED were warming during the last half century, which wasn't clear before Upward displacement in the WMED during the second half of the XX th century, and this would be linked to the deep water formation rate in the Gulf of Lions and Levantine basin

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