1. Stalin and Trotsky

2. Joseph Stalin  Original Name Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili  Born on December 21, 1879 Gori, Georgia  1 of 4 to survive infancy  His father was a cobbler with a drinking problem who died of wounds from a brawl.  His mother did odd jobs to support Joseph such as sewing, and hiring out for housework.  Stalin’s mother nursed him through smallpox, and septicemia, which partially crippled his left arm.  December 18, 1878 – March 5, 1953

3. Joseph Stalin (cont’d)  Stalin achieved a free scholarship in 1894 to the Orthodox Theological Seminary in Tiflis.  After he graduated, he helped organize strikes and demonstrations.  June 1904 married Yekaterina Svanidze  Rose to power by taking position of Lenin.  Ruled from 1927-1939  Deported many people within Soviet Union.  Led Russia to victory in WWII, and transformed it to world power

5. Leon Trotsky  November 7, 1879 – August 21, 1940  Lev Davidovich Bronstein was his original name  Fifth child of a “well-to-do” farmer.  His family was Jewish, and spoke Russian and Ukrainian.  Was sent to Odessa for education  Was married twice.  He was haed of the Red Army in Spring 1918

6. Leon Trotsky (cont’d)  Created his own ideals and form of government which he named after himself “Trotskyism.”  Death was caused by an assassin who successfully entered Trotsky’s home, and lodged an ice axe in the head of Trotsky.

8. Foreword References  Foreword and the Book 1984 identify Big Brother as Stalin, and Emmanuel Goldstein as Trotsky.  “More or less consciously, he found an analogy between British Labour and the Communist Party under Stalin—both, he felt, were movements professing to fight for the working classes against capitalism, but in reality concerned only with establishing and perpetuating their own power.”  “Orwell seems to have been particularly annoyed with the widespread allegiance to Stalinism to be observed among the Left, in the face of overwhelming evidence of the evil nature of the regime.”  Emmanuel Goldstein is the only Jew mentioned in the book, Trotsky is originally of Jewish decent.