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Published byLeslie Cummings Modified over 9 years ago
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Metabolism
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Feasting Feasting adds to body stores of carbohydrate and fat Excess carbohydrate used to fill glycogen stores excess glucose stored as fat Excess fat stored as fat Excess protein remove N and store as fat
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Fasting – Glycogen Available Draw upon stores during fasts (even short-term) and during exercise Liver glycogen blood glucose energy for all cells Muscle glycogen muscle glucose energy for muscle cells
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Fasting – Glycogen Available Draw upon stores during fasts (even short-term) and during exercise Fat stores fatty acids in blood provide energy for all cells, but brain and CNS
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Fasting – Glycogen Stores EMPTY Only protein and fats are available as a source of energy See board!
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Estimating Energy Needs Body uses energy for: 1.Basal metabolism 2.Thermic effect of food 3.Physical activity
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Basal Metabolism Basal metabolism Energy needed to maintain the body at complete rest (physical, emotional, and digestive) Largest component of daily energy expenditure
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Basal Metabolism Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) # kcal burned per hour per kg body weight
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Basal Metabolism BMR impacted by: Lean body mass More LBM, the higher your BMR More fat, the lower your BMR Age and gender (related to LBM) BMR slows with age BMR higher in males
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Basal Metabolism Height Taller, thinner people have a higher BMR More surface area to support Fever raise BMR 1 0 F fever raises BMR by 7% Fasting and malnutrition lower BMR
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Basal Metabolism Smoking and caffeine raise BMR Stress raises BMR
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Thermic Effect of Food TEF – energy needed to digest, absorb, transport, and metabolize nutrients Smallest component of daily energy expenditure ~ 10% caloric intake
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Physical Activity Physical Activity – energy needed to support voluntary activity Energy required impacted by: Muscle mass Body weight Nature of activity Duration, intensity, frequency
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Energy Expenditure Summary To maintain energy balance, energy input must balance energy expenditure Expend energy to: support basal metabolism] process foods (TEF) support physical activity
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