1. Lilian Blot TOWARDS MORE ADVANCED CONCEPTS & OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING Building Data Structure Autumn 2014 TPOP 1

2. Lilian Blot Overview Data representation Building new data structures Examples Autumn 2014 TPOP 2

3. Lilian Blot Data Representation Example: Address  house number  street name  city  county  postcode Person  Surname  First name  NI  Address  Phone numbers Autumn 2014 TPOP 3

4. Lilian Blot Using what we know so far Lists  Address [house_number, street_name, city, county, postcode]  Person [surname, first_name, NI, address, phone_numbers] String  Address “house_number, street_name, city, county, postcode”  Person “surname, first_name, NI, address, phone_numbers” Autumn 2014 TPOP 4

5. Lilian Blot Using what we know so far Dictionary  Address {house_number:15, street_name : ‘Lili Street’, city: ‘York’, county: ‘Yorkshire’, postcode: ‘YO5-5GH’}  Person {surname: ‘Blot’, first_name: ‘Lilian’, NI: ‘OO7’, address:…, phone_numbers: {…} } Autumn 2014 TPOP 5

6. Lilian Blot Creating our Own Data Structure Keyword class General Form: Example Autumn 2014 TPOP 6 class DataStructureName: ``` doc-string ``` pass Code class Address: ``` doc-string ``` pass Code

7. Lilian Blot Creating our Own Data Structure Using the new Data structure : Autumn 2014 TPOP 7 >>> addr = Address() >>> addr.street = ‘Lili Street’ >>> print addr.street Lili Street Code

8. Lilian Blot What are Classes? Classes are composed from structural and behavioural constituents. Attributes (member variables or instance variables) enable a class instance to maintain state.  a.k.a properties, fields, data members Methods, enable the behaviour of class instances. Classes define the type of their instances Autumn 2014 TPOP 8

9. Lilian Blot Creating our Own Data Structure Keyword class Key method __init__(…) Key parameter self isinstance(object,Class) Autumn 2014 TPOP 9 class DataStructureName: ``` doc-string ``` def __init__(self, ): Code

10. Lilian Blot Creating our Own Data Structure Code examples:  First Attempt: Address Autumn 2014 TPOP 10

11. Lilian Blot Address Creating our Own Data Structure Code examples:  First Attempt: Address Autumn 2014 TPOP 11 … 35 … … self number streetcitycounty postcode house_number house_street house_city house_county house_postcode my_address

12. Lilian Blot Creating our Own Data Structure Code examples:  First Attempt: Address  Second Attempt: Address Autumn 2014 TPOP 12

13. Lilian Blot Address Creating our Own Data Structure Code examples:  First Attempt: Address  Second Attempt: Address Autumn 2014 TPOP 13 … 35 … … number streetcitycounty postcode my_address 555

14. Lilian Blot Creating our Own Data Structure The objects we define are MUTABLE Autumn 2014 TPOP 14

15. Lilian Blot Terminology Class Address is the definition of an object my_address is an instance of Address number, city, postcode,… are attributes __init__ is a constructor __str__ is a method Autumn 2014 TPOP 15

16. Lilian Blot Creating our Own Data Structure Code examples:  First Attempt: Address  Second Attempt: Address  Person Autumn 2014 TPOP 16

17. Lilian Blot __repr__ Method Definition: Return a string containing a printable representation of an object. This is the same value yielded by conversions (reverse quotes). It is sometimes useful to be able to access this operation as an ordinary function. For many types, this function makes an attempt to return a string that would yield an object with the same value when passed to eval(), otherwise the representation is a string enclosed in angle brackets that contains the name of the type of the object together with additional information often including the name and address of the object. A class can control what this function returns for its instances by defining a __repr__() method. Autumn 2014 TPOP 17

18. Lilian Blot __str__ Method Definition : Return a string containing a nicely printable representation of an object. For strings, this returns the string itself. The difference with repr(object) is that str(object) does not always attempt to return a string that is acceptable to eval(); its goal is to return a printable string. If no argument is given, returns the empty string, ''. Autumn 2014 TPOP 18

19. Lilian Blot __str__ versus __repr__ Every class should implement the __repr__ method __str__ is optional. If not implemented, __repr__ will be used instead __repr__: representation of python object usually eval will convert it back to that object __str__: is whatever you think is that object in text form Autumn 2014 TPOP 19

20. Lilian Blot Summary We have seen how to build our own data structure Our data structure can be embedded into another data structure User defined Objects are MUTABLE Autumn 2014 TPOP 20

21. Lilian Blot Exercises Client requirements Build a genealogy tree  First Name, Surname, Maiden name  Date of Birth  Place of Birth (city/town/village and country)  Current Address Your Job: Build an appropriate data structure Autumn 2014 TPOP 21

22. Lilian Blot Nested Structures Autumn 2014 TPOP 22

23. Lilian Blot Exercises Food for thought how to save/read the data structure into/from a text file how to search for/find a person in the tree how to add/remove a person from the tree could you implement your solution? Autumn 2014 TPOP 23