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Ohm’s Law Objective: TSW understand the concepts of Voltage, Current, and Resistance by developing and applying Ohm’s Law.

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Presentation on theme: "Ohm’s Law Objective: TSW understand the concepts of Voltage, Current, and Resistance by developing and applying Ohm’s Law."— Presentation transcript:

1 Ohm’s Law Objective: TSW understand the concepts of Voltage, Current, and Resistance by developing and applying Ohm’s Law.

2 Circuit simulation

3 R V I I I I I I I V = Voltage = A potential difference that motivates charge to flow. The pump. (units: V = J/C) I = current = The amount of charge that flows per unit time. (units: C/s = Amps A) R = Resistance = A property of the material that resists the flow of current. (units: Ohms Ω = V/A)

4 Let’s learn how these three quantities are related by imaging different Voltages with a constant Resistance. Predict the current with a large voltage and a small resistance: V and R I Predict the current with a small voltage and a large resistance: R andV I

5 Let’s come up with an equation for the current (I) that related to the Voltage (V) and Resistance (R): A large voltage (V) with a small resistance (R) results in a large current (I). V and R I A small voltage (V) with a large resistance (R) results in a small current (I). R andV I I = V R = I V R V R

6 This equation can be rearranged to form Ohm’s Law: Here are some graphs that represent the relationship: V I R I R

7 When we talk about electricity we often refer to the quantity power. Let’s define power as it relates to an electrical circuit. The power is large when a large voltage (V) is used to produce a large current flow (I). Power is the rate at which energy is used. Units: (J/s =Watt) Check out the units:

8 The power equation can be combined with Ohm’s Law to give several variations in order calculate the power.

9 Example 1: A 60W/120V light bulb is connected to a 120V power supply. What is the resistance of the light bulb and the current flowing in the circuit? The same 60W/120V light bulb is connected to a 240V power supply. What will be different from the calculations above? Since resistance is a property of the light bulb it will be the same as above, but the current and power of the bulb will be greater.

10 Resistance of a wire R = Resistance (ohms Ω) ρ = resistivity (Ωm) depends of the material the wire is made from. A = cross sectional area (m 2 ) A L

11 Circuit Analysis Objective: TSW apply voltage, current and resistance to predict the behavior of various circuits by completing a VIP chart.

12 Series Circuit Current is the same. Voltage is split. When one bulb goes out, all go out Greatest resistance is the brightest. R s =R 1 +R 2 +R 3 +... R 2 R 3 24V R1R1 I

13 Each resister represents a light bulb. Complete the VIP chart in order to rank the brightness of the bulbs. VIP Batt R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 Series Circuit R 1 =3Ω R 2 =5Ω R 3 =4Ω 24V

14 Each resister represents a light bulb. Complete the VIP chart in order to rank the brightness of the bulbs. VIP Batt R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 Series Circuit R 1 =2Ω R 2 =3Ω R 3 =5Ω 12V

15 Each resister represents a light bulb. Complete the VIP chart in order to rank the brightness of the bulbs. VIP Batt R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 Series Circuit R 1 =10Ω R 2 =8Ω R 3 =12Ω 48V

16 Parallel Circuit Voltage is the same. Current is split. When one bulb goes out, others stay the same. Least resistance is the brightest 1/R p =1/R 1 +1/R 2 +1/R 3 + … R 1 R 3 12V R 2 I3I3 I2I2 I1I1 I

17 Each resister represents a light bulb. Complete the VIP chart in order to rank the brightness of the bulbs. VIP Batt R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 Parallel Circuit R 1 =5Ω R 3 =10Ω 12V R 2 =2Ω

18 Each resister represents a light bulb. Complete the VIP chart in order to rank the brightness of the bulbs. VIP Batt R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 Parallel Circuit R 1 =3Ω R 3 =4Ω 24V R 2 =8Ω

19 Each resister represents a light bulb. Complete the VIP chart in order to rank the brightness of the bulbs. VIP Batt R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 Parallel Circuit R 1 =10Ω R 3 =20Ω 50V R 2 =15Ω

20 Combined Circuits Map the currents. Currents divide at junctions Find the total resistance. Start with resistors in series. Resistors in series have the same current flowing through them. Resistors in parallel have the same voltage (potential difference) Use Ohm’s law to find the main current. Use the loop rule to find the voltage (potential difference) across individual resistors. Use proportional thinking to find the current flowing through individual resistors. Complete the VIP chart. Check: The power of individual resistors should always add to the power of the battery.

21 Each resister represents a light bulb. Complete the VIP chart in order to rank the brightness of the bulbs. VIP Batt R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 R 2 =4Ω R 1 =4Ω R 3 =4Ω 12V

22 Each resister represents a light bulb. Complete the VIP chart in order to rank the brightness of the bulbs. VIP Batt R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 R 2 =2Ω R 1 =4Ω R 3 =3Ω 12V

23 Each resister represents a light bulb. Complete the VIP chart in order to rank the brightness of the bulbs. VIP Batt R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 R 2 =1Ω R 1 =3Ω R 3 =8Ω 15V

24 Each resister represents a light bulb. Complete the VIP chart in order to rank the brightness of the bulbs. VIP Batt R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 R 2 =3Ω R 1 =2Ω R 3 =5Ω 24V

25 Each resister represents a light bulb. Complete the VIP chart in order to rank the brightness of the bulbs. VIP Batt R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 R4R4 R 1 =2Ω R 3 =1Ω 28V R 4 =2Ω R 2 =3Ω

26 Each resister represents a light bulb. Complete the VIP chart in order to rank the brightness of the bulbs. VIP Batt R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 R4R4 R 1 =4Ω R 3 =2Ω 30V R 2 =6Ω R 4 =2Ω

27 Each resister represents a light bulb. Complete the VIP chart in order to rank the brightness of the bulbs. VIP Batt R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 R4R4 R5R5 R 1 =4Ω R 5 =6Ω 26V R 2 =3Ω R 4 =1Ω R 3 =2Ω

28 The circuit below has been connected for a long time such that all currents have reached their steady states. R 1 =1000Ω 12V R 2 =500Ω 30x10 -6 F Calculate the current in the 500Ω resistor. Calculate the charge stored in the capacitor. Calculate the power dissipated in the 1000Ω.

29 Internal Resistance – The resistance due to the battery or power supply A battery consists of a EMF (ε) and an internal resistance. The potential difference across the terminals is called the terminal voltage. + - ε riri terminal voltage

30 Example: The ammeter reads 0.5A. What is the emf of the battery? What is the terminal voltage across X and Y? 10Ω 14Ω ε internal resistance 2Ω X Y A

31 Ammeters must be connected in series and ideally have zero resistance. R1R1 R2R2 ε A

32 Voltmeters must be connected in parallel and ideally have infinite resistance. R1R1 R2R2 ε V

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