2. 519-524 Analyze and describe how literature, music and art mirrored the social and cultural conditions of the 17th Century. 519-524 Analyze and describe how literature, music and art mirrored the social and cultural conditions of the 17th Century. 519-524 519-524

3. Literature and Art of the 17 th Century Religious wars and Exploration co- incided with an explosion of new artistic and intellectual ferment. Michel de Montaigne Catholic French nobleman created the “essay” as a from of literature meaning “to test or try”. Developed “Modern Skepticism” school of thought based on doubt: No single human knows the absolute truth. Rejected notion that any one culture was inherently superior to another = “On Cannibals” “I dare to write all that I dare to think.”

4. Literature and Art of the 17 th Century Michel de Montaigne Developed “Modern Skepticism” school of thought based on doubt: No single human knows the absolute truth. Rejected notion that any one culture was inherently superior to another = “On Cannibals” Significant because his work represents a basic shift in attitude which begins the “Era of Doubt” where “Skeptics” reject dogmatism and accept secularism. “I dare to write all that I dare to think.”

5. Literature and Art of the 17 th Century Michel de Montaigne “On Cannibals” Answer the following three questions: 1.What is Montaigne’s point about? 2.Is he being too hard on Europeans? 3.Had the Aztecs or Incas had the ability to discover and occupy Europe, would they have enslaved and exploited Europeans? “I dare to write all that I dare to think.”

6. Literature and Art of the 17 th Century Elizabethan and Jacobean Literature During the later reign of Queen Elizabeth and into the reign of King James I (1550s-1603) oftentimes called the “Golden Ages of English Literature” William Shakespeare – known for their originality, diversity as he wrote tragedies, histories, and biographies. Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth (T) Richard II, III, Henry IV (H) Julius Caesar, Pericles, Antony & Cleopatra (B) The King James Bible – pressured by Puritans to read Bible.

7. Literature and Art of the 17 th Century Elizabethan and Jacobean Literature During the later reign of Queen Elizabeth and into the reign of King James I (1550s-1603) oftentimes called the “Golden Ages of English Literature” Sir Philip Sidney – wrote poetry Astrophel and Stella. Edmund Spenser – wrote about morality in The Faerie Queen. Christopher Marlowe – wrote plays such as Faustus, histories such as Edward II, and later influenced Shakespeare’s writing.

8. Baroque style of art Baroque style of art 1600 – 1750 period when Catholic Church appealed to the people with an artistic, emotional, exuberant style of art to stir the emotions and faith of the people. Style was encouraged by the Catholic Church as a way to demonstrate the reformed Catholic Church as well as showing the power and confidence of the church. The term “baroque” likely came from the Portuguese work “barocca” meaning a pearl of odd or irregular shape. Implies strangeness, irregularity and emotional extravagance. Style peaked in Italy after 1600, spread to Catholic countries (Spain, Latin America, Austria, S. Germany and Poland). CRITICS attacked it as overblown, exaggerated, too intense. In other words, the more dramatic, the better! Literature and Art of the 17 th Century

9. BachBach – sample 1 Bach – sample 2 Bach – Bach – sample 3 Baroque Music of the 17 th Century Johann Sebastian Bach (1685- 1750) Examples:

10. Baroque Architecture of the 17 th Century Examples: Jesuit Church of Jesus in Rome (The Gesu). It’s interior design combined the intense drama, emotion, richness, lavish and wildly active decorations and frescoes. It is the center of the Jesuit Order and burial place of Ignatius Loyola.

13. Baroque Art of the 17 th Century Examples: Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) Excelled in glorifying monarchs such as Queen Marie Medici of France. Known for his sensual nudes, a devout Catholic, over half of his subjects were on Christianity.

14. Peter Paul Rubens; The Assumption of the Virgin. c.1626

15. Entry of Henry IV into Paris; Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640), in his grand painting The Triumphal Entry of Henry IV into Paris after the Religious Wars.

16. St Jerome and the Angel (1620s) Simon Vouet

17. The baroque style of architecture flourished in Germany in the 18th century. One outstanding German baroque architect was Balthasar Neumann

18. A Baroque Room

19. Baroque Furniture