1. Computers Are Your Future © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

2. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 2 Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprise Computing

3. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 3 What You Will Learn About Enterprise computing Business processes and their flow within an organization Information systems that are managed in a centralized vs. distributed manner The tools that are commonly used in enterprise computing Enterprise storage systems Electronic data interchange Teleconferencing Telecommuting and workgroup commuting

4. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 4 Enterprise Computing An enterprise is a business organization An enterprise is a business organization Enterprise computing is the use of technology, information systems, and computers within a business Enterprise computing is the use of technology, information systems, and computers within a business

5. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 5 Business Processes and Activities Business processes are activities that have an identifiable output and add value to an organization’s customers Information systems are used to give a business a competitive advantage Enterprise Information Customer Employees Partners Suppliers

6. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 6 Enterprise Systems Enterprise systems are information systems that allow companies to integrate information across operations on an organization-wide basis Enterprise systems are information systems that allow companies to integrate information across operations on an organization-wide basis Enterprise systems: Enterprise systems:  Provide a common information storage area available to all corporate users  Help companies find ways to increase goods and services, customer satisfaction, and profitability  Are composed of hardware, software, people, and procedures

7. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 7 Enterprise Systems Globalization refers to conducting business internationally where the transaction of goods and services is transparent to the consumer

8. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 8 Centralized vs. Distributed Structures  Centralized structures are managed by a central IT department  Each network entity contains the same software and configuration settings

9. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 9 Centralized vs. Distributed Structures  Distributed structures enable each user to customize their technology tools  Each network entity contains its own software and configuration settings

10. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 10 http://www.webopedia.com A type of computing in which different components and objects comprising an application can be located on different computers connected to a network. So, for example, a word processing application might consist of an editor component on one computer, a spell-checker object on a second computer, and a thesaurus on a third computer. In some distributed computing systems, each of the three computers could even be running a different operating system.computingcomponents objectsapplicationnetworkapplicationoperating system One of the requirements of distributed computing is a set of standards that specify how objects communicate with one another. There are currently two chief distributed computing standards: CORBA and DCOM.distributed computingCORBADCOM

11. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 11 Centralized vs. Distributed Structures Mainframe vs. PC computing (trade-offs) 1.Hardware requirements 2.Space requirements 3.O/S’s and NOS’s required 4.Cost of purchase 5.Cost of maintenance / management 6.Cost of licenses 7.Security 8.Backups

12. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 12 Business Processing Reengineering (BPR) Business processing reengineering is the use of information technology to bring about major changes and cost savings in an organization

13. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 13 Applying Technology in the Enterprise Currency:  All technology in an organization is more or less current  Technology users have a certain comfort level in using the technology  Tension exists between the current system and the most current technology available

14. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 14 Applying Technology in the Enterprise Upgrading:  Things to consider when upgrading technology:  Impact on the user  Will hardware need to be upgraded?  Cost of the upgrade  Centralized structures are easier and less costly to upgrade than distributed structures

15. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 15 Applying Technology in the Enterprise Maintenance:  Centralized structures are easier and less costly to maintain than distributed structures  Users must be trained to use the new technology Scalability:  How well a hardware or software system can adapt to increased demands

16. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 16 Applying Technology in the Enterprise Interoperability:  The ability of software and hardware from different vendors to share data  All computers on a network can interact seamlessly Disaster Recovery  A disaster recover plan is a written plan with detailed instructions if something goes wrong

17. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 17 Applying Technology in the Enterprise Adding Workstations and Applications:  Problems can occur as new workstations and applications are added  Single point of failure (SPOF) is when a failure will cause a malfunction in an entire system

18. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 18 Applying Technology in the Enterprise Adding a Network:  Zero configuration (Zeroconf) is a method used to network devices without requiring configuration

19. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 19 Tools for Enterprise Computing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP):  Software that integrates all facets of a business  Replaces standalone computer systems with a single unified software program  Drawbacks of ERP systems:  One department impacts every department in the organization  Resistance to change  Cost and time in implementing the system may be prohibitive

20. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 20 Tools for Enterprise Computing Customer Relationship Management (CRM):  Software application that includes all interaction between a company and its customers  Computerization has changed the way organizations manage their customers; more of the relationship is being managed electronically Sales Force Automation (SFA):  Technique of using software to automate sales tasks

21. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 21 Tools for Enterprise Computing Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL):  An XML-based specification for publishing the financial information of an enterprise  XML data tags are based on standardized accounting definitions Application Service Providers (ASP):  Third-party entities that manage and distribute software- based services  Enterprises can outsource their information technology needs

22. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 22 Tools for Enterprise Computing Operational Support System (OSS):  A suite of programs that enable an enterprise to monitor, analyze, and manage a network system Enterprise Application Integration (EAI):  A combination of processes, software, standards, and hardware that integrates two or more enterprise systems  Enables sharing of data  Four categories of EAI:  Database linking  Applications linking  Data warehousing  Common virtual system

23. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 23 Enterprise Storage Systems Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID): Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID):  Two or more disk drives used in combination for fault tolerance and performance  All information is recorded on both disk drives

24. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 24 Enterprise Storage Systems CD/DVD Jukeboxes: CD/DVD Jukeboxes:  Enable storing, managing, accessing, and sharing DVD- ROMs and CDs Network-Attached Storage (NAS): Network-Attached Storage (NAS):  Server dedicated to file sharing  Provides data to the user

25. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 25 Enterprise Storage Systems Storage Area Network (SAN):  High-speed subnetwork of shared storage devices  All storage devices are made available to all servers Network-Attached Storage (NAS)  High performance devices for data and file sharing  Only supplies data to users

26. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 26 Enterprisewide Technologies Web Portals:  Web sites that offer an array of resources and services  AOL was one of the first portals  The centralized management areas help create consistent business processes Electronic Data Interchange (EDI):  Involves the transfer of data between different companies using networks  Used as a mechanism for companies to buy, sell, and trade information

27. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 27 Enterprisewide Technologies Intranet:  A network based on TCP/IP protocols accessible only by an organization’s members  Used to share information  Web-based training (WBT) provides training and/or instruction for employees by way of the Internet or an intranet  Computer-based training (CBT) is a type of education in which the student learns by taking special training programs on a computer

28. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 28 Enterprisewide Technologies Extranet:  Intranet that is accessible to authorized outsiders  Allows business partners to share information Virtual Private Network (VPN):  Network constructed by using public wires to connect nodes  Encryption and security measures ensure only authorized users can access the network

29. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 29 Enterprisewide Technologies Computer-based training (CBT) form of computer- based education that uses multimedia, animation, and programmed learning Web-based training (WBT) is CBT using the Internet or an intranet

30. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 30 Enterprisewide Technologies Teleconferencing – two or more people use telecommunication and computers to conduct business activities

31. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 31 Enterprisewide Technologies Telecommuting – connecting to the office using telecommunications and computers from home

32. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 32 Enterprisewide Technologies Workgroup computing – members of a workgroup have specific hardware and software that enables them to connect, communicate, and collaborate Software that provides support for the information needs of work groups is called groupware

33. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 33 Chapter 14 Summary Enterprise computing is the use of technology, information systems, and computers within an organization or business Business processes are activities that have an identifiable output and add value to an organization’s customers In a centralized structure, the management of technology is centered in the IT department

34. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 34 Chapter 14 Summary (continued) Tools commonly used in enterprise computing include:  Enterprise resource planning (ERP)  Customer relationship management (CRM)  Sales force automation (SFA)  Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)  Application service providers (ASPs)  Operational support systems (OSS)  Enterprise application integration (EAI) Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) employs two or more drives in combination for fault tolerance and performance

35. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 35 Chapter 14 Summary (continued) Electronic data exchange is a set of standards that specify how to transfer data and documents using networks Teleconferencing is conducting business by more than two people separated by distance An employee who works from home while connected to a business is telecommuting