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1 History & Future Of The ASCM
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2 First ASCM Battle 1967 Four STYX fired at INS Eilat (ex HMS Zealous) Three Hit, One missed lack of target - Ship Sunk Styx Komar Eilat
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3 Sinking of Orit 1970 Four STYX fired at Israeli fishing boat Within Port Said Harbor Near miss sank Small wooden Vessel Showed limited capability to Attack small targets
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4 2 Paki Destroyers Khaibar & Badr and one Minesweeper Muhafiz 9 Styx Launch 8 Hit target Both Land & Sea British Merchant Oil Storage Tank Karachi Indo-Pakistan War 1971 IN Missile Boats
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5 Arab-Israeli War 1973 Battle of Latakia Oct 6 Gabriel Five Saar 4 Sy Minesweeper & Torpedo Boat ISN engaged 3 Gabriel Sy OSA/Komar Fired 8 Styx at Saars ISN Counter Chaff & EA (no Hits) ISN attacked 11 Gabriel 6 Hits
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6 Arab-Israeli War 1973 Battle of Baltim Oct 8 Six Saar 4 4 EG OSAs fired 16 Styx ISN Countered Chaff & EA (no Hits) ISN Saar’s Launched 12 Gabriel 6 Hits, 3 OSA Sunk, 1 escaped undamaged into harbor Komar
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7 Arab-Israeli War 1973 Second Battle of Latakia Oct 10 Seven Saar 4 3 OSA Syria used large merchants as Decoys. Dart out to fire missiles 12 Styx fired all deceived by EA Israel responded with 8 Gabriel 5 hit targets 2 were merchants 2 SY OSAs were sunk
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8 Arab-Israeli War 1973 Battle of Tartus Oct 11 Five Saar 4 2 OSA Syria once again used large merchants as decoys. 3 Styx fired all deceived by EA Israel launched 8 Gabriel 2 SY OSAs were sunk 2 missiles each One Soviet Merchant hit 2 missile
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9 Arab-Israeli War 1973 Additional Incidents (one side fired No Hits) Oct 6 – 2 Saars Fired 11 Gabriels at 5 EG OSAs OSA ducked back in Alexandria Harbor Oct 7 – 2 SY Komars fired 4 Styx at 5 Saars From Latakia Harbor Oct 12 – 2 EG Komars fired 4 Styx at 3 LST Impacted land Note: 23 of 50 Gabriel hit their Targets (3 Merchants (Soviet)???)
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10 Iran-Iraq War 1980-1987 USS Stark 55 Exocet Missiles Fired 54 Hit their Target 51 Detonated Properly 13-30k tons 20% Sunk 60% Major Damage 20% Minor Damage 70-300K tons (Super Tankers) 60% Major Damage 40% Minor Damage
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11 Iran-Iraq War 1980-1987 7-8 Harpoon Missiles Fired Iran claims sinking 4 Iraqi OSAs Harpoon Combattante II2 OSA
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12 Falklands War-1982 Attack on Argentine Patrol Boats May 3 Lynx Firing Sea Skua Somellera 2 British Lynx fired 2 missiles each 4 Hits 1 Sunk 1 Severe Damage Alferez Sobral
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13 Falklands War-1982 Attack on HMS Sheffield May 4 Super Etendard 2 Exocets Fired Indiscriminately at British Forces No Actions Taken to Counter Threat One Missile Hit (Fail to Detonate) Exocet Sheffield
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14 Falklands War-1982 Attack on HMS Ambuscade May 25 Super Etendard 2 Exocets Fired HMS Launched Chaff Missile seduced to decoys HMS Ambuscade
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15 Falklands War-1982 Attack on HMS Atlantic Conveyor Super Etendard 2 Exocets Fired at HMS Ambuscade HMS Launched Chaff Missile seduced to decoys 2 Missile flew thru Chaff hit HMS A.C. HMS Atlantic Conveyor
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16 Falklands War-1982 Attack on HMS Avenger May 27 Trailer Launched Exocet 1 Exocet Fired Missed target Note: Avenger took no action HMS Avenger
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17 Falklands War-1982 Attack on HMS Invincible May 30 With Exocet 1 Exocet Fired HMS Invincible Launched Chaff Missile seduced to decoys HMS Invincible Super Etendard
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18 Falklands War-1982 Attack on HMS Glamorgan June 11 1 Exocet Fired and Hit HMS Attempted to shoot down (Sea Cat) No Countermeasures HMS Glamorgan Trailer Launched Exocet Sea Cat The Result
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19 Battle of Sidra -1986 Nanuchka II Combattante II Harpoon 6 Harpoon launched by USS Yorktown and A-6E 3 Hits, 2 Sunk and 3 Misses
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20 Operation Praying Mantis 1988 First incident Joshan Harpoon IR launches Harpoon at US SAG US Forces detect launch and employ countermeasures Missile passed down STBD side USS Wainwright thru Chaff Bagley Simpson Wainwright US Responded with 5 Standard Missile (in the Surface-to Surface Mode) all 5 Hit A final US Harpoon Launched but missed Lack of freeboard present
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21 Operation Praying Mantis 1988 Second incident Harpoon Sahand O’Brien Strauss Jack Williams A-6E A-6E Fired Harpoon – Hit A-6E and Ship Fired Harpoons Simultaneous Impact Saam Frigate Sunk
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22 Persian Gulf War 1991 Sea Dart Firing HMS Gloucester Silkworm USS Missouri Iraq Fired 2 Silkworm Missiles at USS Missouri One Flew over Missouri and was Downed by Sea Dart One Missed
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23 Persian Gulf War The Numbers One Harpoon (fired by a Saudi patrol craft at an Iraqi mine laying barge, sinking it) "The Battle of Bubiyan.” The most significant engagement 30 January as several Iraqi ships / boats attempted to flee to Iran. 24 Sea Skua Fired by British Lynx 4-8 Ships Sunk AT SEA IN PORT 38 damaged 49 damaged or sunk 23 severely damaged 33 sunk The Totals Lynx Firing Sea Skua Harpoon
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24 The Totals Missiles Fired: 228 Missile Hits:120 Ships Sunk: 35 Missiles Fired at Defended Targets: 125 Number Missiles hard killed: 1
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25 Integrated Hard-Kill & Soft-Kill Tactical Deficiency There are no sound tactical methods for integrating hard-kill & soft-kill planning/execution in an ASMD environment Sea Strike Gaps: Integrate IO (non kinetic) & kinetic operations Sea Shield Gaps: Utilize cross warfare decision aids Fleet impact today Many misconceptions at CO/TAO level on employment of integrated capabilities Warfighters treat ASMD as an either/or situation (i.e hard-kill or soft-kill, but not both)
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26 Afloat Dilemma vs. ASCMASCM Hard-kill? Soft-kill? Hard-kill & Soft-kill is the solution! Inbound Threat
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27 Project Organization Sponsor NIOC Norfolk, coordinated with SWDG Other Contributors NWDC, other WCOEs, staffs Proposed Lead Developer Contractor with NIOC-N working closely with SWDG
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28 Future Threat RF frequencies below 0.5 GHz or above 18.0 GHz, millimeter wave (MMW). EO/IR systems that use detectors outside the 2.5 to 8 micron visible EO band Hyper frequency agility. Low probability of intercept emissions such as: Spread-spectrum (SS) bandwidths greater than 200 MHz Complex waveforms such as ultra wide bandwidth or chirp Coherent processing techniques: pulse compression, CW,pulse-Doppler CNA Study on LPI and MMW
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29 Multiple frequencies (dual-band [I/K] surveillance and targeting radars) Pseudo-random signal structures (frequency, phase, and pulse agile systems that never look same) True, totally random pulse repetition interval/frequency change capability EA systems that deceive or saturate ES systems Low Probability of Intercept con’t Develop Requirements/Capabilities to Solve These Threats
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30 History Of The ASCM
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