1. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. 5–15–1 Nomenclature

2. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. 5–25–2 Mineral towers in Mono Lake, California Source: John Gerlach/Tom Stack & Associates

3. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. 5–35–3 An artist using plaster of Paris, a gypsum plaster. Source: Bob Daemmrick/The Image Works

4. An ancient painting showing Romans drinking wine.

5. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 Common Names - Exceptions H 2 O = water, steam, ice NH 3 = ammonia CH 4 = methane NaCl = table salt C 12 H 22 O 11 = table sugar

6. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6 Naming Starts with Classifying Compounds Binary Compounds = only 2 elements Compounds containing polyatomic ions Acids = formula often starts with H

7. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 7 Classifying Binary Compounds Compounds containing a metal and a nonmetal are binary ionic –Type I and II Compounds containing two nonmetals –Type III Compounds containing H and a nonmetal = Acids

8. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. 5–85–8

9. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 9 Binary Ionic Made of metal cation and nonmetal anion Name by naming the ions

10. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 10 Metal Cations Type I –Metals that can only have one possible charge –Determine charge by position on the Periodic Table Type II –Metals that can have more than one possible charge –Determine metal cation’s charge from the charge on anion

11. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 11 Type I Binary Ionic Compounds Contain Metal Cation + Nonmetal Anion Metal listed first in formula & name ¶Name metal cation first, name nonmetal anion second ¶Simple metal cation name is the metal name –simple metals are Groups 1A, 2A and Al, Ga & In ¶Nonmetal anion named by changing the ending on the nonmetal name to -ide

12. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 12 Type II Binary Ionic Compounds Contain Metal Cation + Nonmetal Anion Metal listed first in formula & name ¶Name metal cation first, name nonmetal anion second ¶Metal cation name is the metal name followed by a Roman Numeral in parentheses to indicate its charge –Determine charge from anion charge –Common Type II cations in Table 5.2 ¶Nonmetal anion named by changing the ending on the nonmetal name to -ide

13. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. 5–13 Copper (II) sulfate crystals.

14. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. 5–14

15. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 15 Determining the Charge on a Cation – Au 2 S 3 ¬Determine the charge on the anion Au 2 S 3 - the anion is S, since it is in Group 6A, its charge is -2 ­Determine the total negative charge since there are 3 S in the formula, the total negative charge is -6 ®Determine the total positive charge since the total negative charge is -6, the total positive charge is +6 ¯Divide by the number of cations since there are 2 Au in the formula & the total positive charge is +6, each Au has a +3 charge

16. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 16 Type III - Binary Compounds of 2 Nonmetals Name first element in formula first, use the full name of the element Name the second element in the formula as if it were an anion –However, remember these compounds do not contain ions! Use a prefix in front of each name to indicate the number of atoms Never use the prefix mono- on the first element

17. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 17 Prefixes Drop last “a” in the prefix if the name begins with vowel octa-8 hepta-7 hexa-6 penta-5 tetra-4 tri-3 di-2 mono- (not used on first nonmetal) 1 PrefixSubscript

18. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. 5–18 A piece of copper metal about to be placed in nitric acid (left). Copper reacts with nitric acid to produce colorless NO which immediately reacts with the oxygen in the air to form reddish-brown NO 2 gas (right).

19. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. 5–19 Figure 5.1: A flow chart for naming binary compounds.

20. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 20 Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ions are charged entities that contain more than one atom –Must memorize name, formula and charge –Look for Patterns!! Polyatomic compounds contain one or more polyatomic ions Name polyatomic compounds by naming cation and anion –Non-polyatomic ions named like Type I and II Polyatomic Acids contain H + and a polyatomic anion

21. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 21 Patterns for Polyatomic Ions ¬Elements in the same column on the Periodic Table form similar polyatomic ions –same number of O’s and same charge ClO 3 - = chlorate  BrO 3 - = bromate ­If the polyatomic ion starts with H, add hydrogen- before the ions name and add 1 to the charge CO 3 2- = carbonate  HCO 3 - = hydrogen carbonate

22. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 22 Patterns for Polyatomic Ions -ate ion –chlorate = ClO 3 - -ate ion plus 1 O  same charge, per- prefix –perchlorate = ClO 4 - -ate ion minus 1 O  same charge, -ite suffix –chlorite = ClO 2 - -ate ion minus 2 O  same charge, hypo- prefix, - ite suffix –hypochlorite = ClO -

23. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. 5–23

24. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. 5–24 Figure 5.2: Overall strategy for naming chemical compounds.

25. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 25 Acids Contain H + cation and anion Binary acids have H + cation and a nonmetal anion Oxyacids have H + cation and a polyatomic anion

26. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. 5–26

27. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. 5–27 Figure 5.3: A flow chart for naming acids. The acid is considered as one or more H + ions attached to an anion.

28. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. 5–28

29. Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 29 Writing the Formulas from the Names For Type III compounds, use the prefixes to determine the subscripts For Type I, Type II, polyatomic Compounds and Acids –Determine the ions present –Determine the charges on the cation and anion –Balance the charges to get the subscripts