1. March 31st and April 1st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference Basic Operation and Function of Industrial Regulators

2. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference Regulators do not require an external power source, resulting in less down time. Regulators do not require an external packing gland resulting in a lower chance of leakage. Ease of maintenance. Lower installation costs. Instantaneous reaction. Efficient and durable. Self-contained. (They do not require external piping.) Regulator Advantages

3. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference FACTORS CONSIDEREDBESTNEXTLAST Line Size Cost– Thru 1-1/2”REGPORCRV – 2” thru 3”PORREGCRV – 4” and UpCRVPORREG Cost/CV– Thru 1-1/2”PORREGCRV – 2” and UpCRVPORREG CapacityCRVPORREG Outlet Pressure Level CapabilityCRVREGPOR Output Pressure Level Maintenance of Set PointCRVPORREG RangeabilityFTO REGCRV/PORFTC REG Requirements for External Power – (Air or Electricity)REG/PORCRV StabilityCRVREGPOR Speed of ResponseREGPORCRV WOP CRV WP Ability to Adapt to System DynamicsCRVPORREG Fail-Safe ActionCRVPOR/REG Adaptability (Add accessories, modify action)CRVREGPRO Remote Set Point CapabilityCRVRegulator, Dome LoadedPOR/REG Maintenance Cost/Spare PartsREGPORCRV KEY: CRV = Control Valve POR = Pilot Operated Regulator REG = Self-contained Regulator FTC REG = Flow-to-close Regulator FTO REG = Flow-to-open Regulator CRV WP = Control Valve w/positioner CRV WOP = Control Valve w/out positioner Applying Regulators

4. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference PRESSURE REDUCING REGULATOR: A device that controls and responds to changes in its outlet pressure. BACK PRESSURE REGULATOR: A device that controls and responds to changes in its inlet pressure. DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE REGULATOR: A device that maintains a constant differential pressure between a reference pressure and the pressure of the controlled fluid. Fps F rs

5. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference EXTERNAL PILOTED REGULATOR A piston or diaphragm actuated regulator controlled by a separate external pilot mechanism.

6. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference PRESSURE LOADED REGULATOR A regulator using a fixed volume and pressure of compressible fluid as a spring and set point reference to accomplish pressure reduction or back pressure regulation. sometimes called a Dome Loaded Regulator.

7. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference FTO–FLOW TO OPENFTC–FLOW TO CLOSE FTO vs. FTC

8. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference Force-Balance Principle REDUCING REGULATORS

9. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference Inlet Pressure Tends to “Push” the Plug Open FTO REDUCING REGULATOR

10. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference FTO REDUCING REGULATO with BALANCED TRIM Inlet pressure tends to “PUSH” the plug open and closed at the same time, causing a balanced effect.

11. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference DIFFERENTIAL REDUCING REGULATOR Loading Connection

12. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference FTO PRESSURE LOADED REDUCING REGULATOR with BALANCED TRIM

13. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference BACK PRESSURE / RELIEF REGULATOR

14. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference BP REGULATOR with UNBALANCED TRIM TOP/CAGE GUIDED

15. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference PRESSURE LOADED BP REGULATOR with UNBALANCED TRIM TOP/CAGE GUIDED

16. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference DIFFERENTIAL BACK PRESSURE RELIEF REGULATOR Loading Connection

17. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference PILOT-OPERATED REDUCING REGULATOR

18. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference Droop

19. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference For a Reducing Regulator when flow demand increases the outlet pressure falls away or droops from set point. For a back pressure regulator when the flow demand increases the inlet pressure increases or builds above set point. Use a larger body size with higher Cv – Capacity. Use a composition diaphragm material. Use full port trim instead of reduced port trim. Use the lightest spring possible on pressure reducing and heaviest on back pressure. Use dome loaded technology. To Minimize Droop on Reducing Regulator and Build on Back Pressure Regulators

20. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference Increasing Regulator Sensitivity Use a composition diaphragm instead of metal Use a lighter range spring Use a balanced trim design

21. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference COMPOSITION More sensitive. Increased capacity Increased efficiency. Recommended when compatible with fluids. Same price as metal. METAL Less sensitive. Reduces capacity. Recommended for high temperatures. Recommended when composition is not compatible with fluid. Composition vs. Metal Diaphragms

22. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference COMPOSITION Tight Shut-off No Seat Leakage Extended Seat Life Recommended when compatible with fluids. METAL Does not allow tight shut- off. Some seat leakage will occur. Recommended for high temperature applications. Recommended when composition is not compatible. Less expensive than composition seats. Composition vs. Metal Seats

23. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference Sizing a Regulator Rule 1: Flow rate and set point are integral. Set point varies with flow. The amount of variation set point with a given change in flow is called: Proportional Band Droop Offset Buildup

24. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference Rule 2: The use of composition seats and diaphragms will provide: Maximum Flow - Minimum Droop - Minimum Seat Leakage Proportional Band Droop Build Offset Accumulation

25. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference Regulator Sizing Continued... Rule 3: PRV and BPR DO NOT fail in the normal desired mode. Rule 4: Regulators are best when used in systems where flow changes are minor. Rule 5: DO NOT rely on a regulator as a shut off device. Rule 6: Never hydro-statically test a regulator.

26. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference What is the service fluid? Inlet Pressure (P 1 ) Outlet Pressure (P 2 ) Flow Rate or Pipe Size Temperature Application and Selection Requirements

27. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference Features Standard/General specifications. Principal of operation. Technical specifications  Design pressure/temperature  Maximum allowable pressure drops.  Trim combinations/Temp ranges. Capacity Tables Dimensions & Weights Technical Bulletins

28. March 31 st and April 1 st, 2009Mile High Industrial and Automation Conference