1. U11: Energy Flow
ECDCICA

2. What’s for Lunch?
Black Bear
Raccoon

3. What’s for Lunch?
Ruffed Grouse
Hawk

4. Trophic Level
Ecosystems are structured by who eats whom. A trophic level is the position that an organism occupies in a food chain- what it eats and what eats it. Every organism belongs to at least one feeding level or tropic level.

5. Energy Pyramid
A graphical representation to show the relationship between energy and the trophic levels of a given system is an Energy Pyramid.

6. Law of Thermodynamics
As chemical energy flows through an ecosystem heat energy is lost at each trophic level. Only 10% of the chemical energy transfers and 90% is lost as heat energy.
This heat energy loss is displayed in the Energy Pyramid.

7. Law of Thermodynamics

8. Law of Thermodynamics

9. Trophic Level
Producers make their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
Examples: grass, fern, cactus, flowering plant, tree, algae, some bacteria

10. Trophic Level
Consumers get their energy by eating producers or other consumers.
Examples: mouse, starfish, turtle, paramecium, sponge, ant, human

11. Trophic Level
Decomposers break down dead organisms in an ecosystem and return the nutrients to soil, water and air. Converts bond energy from dead and decaying organisms into heat. Examples: fungus, bacteria

12. What can make their own food?
Producers!
Autotroph auto means self
troph means nourish
An organism that produces, or makes their own food. Autotrophs are also called producers.

13. Cannot make their own food
Heterotroph hetero means other
troph means nourish
An organism that obtains its energy by the consumption of or decaying of other organisms.
Heterotrophs are also called consumers (consumption) or decomposers (decaying).

14. Types of organisms A. Consumers in an ecosystem
Primary Consumer – The first consumer in a food chain/ food web and consumes a producer.
Herbivores or plant eater

15. Secondary Consumer – The second consumer in a food chain/food web.

16. Tertiary Consumer – The third consumer in a food chain/food web.

17. What it eats – niche in the food web
Herbivore – An organism that eats plants, nuts, berries ie. rabbit, deer
Omnivore – An organism that eats plants and animals ie. black bear, human
Carnivore – An organism that eats animals ie. wolf, hawk, whale
Scavenger – An organism that feeds off of dead animals that they did not hunt or kill themselves ie. vulture

18. Where are the Omnivores?

19. Predator vs Prey
Predator – An organism that feeds on what it hunts and kills ie. coyote
Prey – An organism that is hunted and killed for food ie: mouse
Is a producer prey? ______
Can an organism be both prey and predator? ___

20. Food Chain – A pathway in which energy flows through an ecosystem.

22. Food Web – All possible pathways in which energy flows through an ecosystem.

23. Energy flow… how it begins
Photosynthesis – Conversion of sun’s energy to chemical energy (food). Performed by producers.
6CO2 + 12H2O + Sunlight energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H20
(C6H12O6 = glucose, food energy, chemical energy, potential energy - in bonds) 

24. Cellular Respiration – Process by which chemical energy (food) is converted to usable energy. Performed by producers, consumers and decomposers!
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 2ATP  6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP (usable energy for cells)

25. ________________________

26. _________________________

27. _________________
Water is released

28. ___________________________
2 ATP

29. Energy Flow

30. Energy in a Pond
Circle the Autotrophs and draw a rectangle around the Heterotrophs
Draw an arrow to all organisms that would be an energy source for decomposers
Label PH – for all organisms that perform Photosynthesis
Label CR – for all organisms that perform Cellular Respiration
Label 1E – for the primary energy source in this ecosystem
Label 1C - primary consumers, Label 2C – secondary consumers & Label 3C- tertiary consumers
List abiotic factors in pond __________________________________________________  

31. Energy Flow - Label in the diagram: chemical energy transfer (10%) or heat energy loss (90%)