1. Species Interactions Chapter 21 Selent

2. Symbiosis The close interactions of organisms within their environment. 5 Types Predation Parasitism Competition Mutualism Commensalism

3. Predator Prey Interaction Predator – the organism that captures, kills, and consumes another individual. Prey – the organism that is consumed. A predators survival is dependant upon its ability to capture its food, while a preys survival is dependant upon its ability to not be consumed.

4. Predator & Prey The populations of each are directly linked to one another. As the predator population increases the prey population decreases, and the prey population will not increase until the predator population decreases. BBC - GCSE Bitesize - Biology | Living things | Interdependence of organisms BBC - GCSE Bitesize - Biology | Living things | Interdependence of organisms

5. Defensive Mechanisms Mimicry Camouflage Secondary compounds Weapons

6. Camouflage Camouflage - blending into the surroundings

7. Mimicry Imitation of a poisonous or dangerous species by a non-dangerous species. This is a caterpillar.

8. Mimicry in Snakes King snakes Nonpoisonous Coral snakes Poisonous

9. Mimicry in Insects Dronefly Honey Bee

10. Secondary Compounds Poisonous, irritating or bad tasting compounds synthesized by plants as a defense.

11. Parasitism Relationship in which one organism is harmed while another benefits.

12. Parasite The organism that benefits by feeding upon another organism. Host The organism that is fed upon. Parasites do not usually kill the host organism right away.

13. Ectoparasites External parasite feeding from outside the host.

14. Ectoparasites – Wasp Larva The white nodes are wasp larva feeding upon the Tomato worm.

15. Endoparasites Internal Parasites - feed on the inside of a host. Examples Tapeworms Roundworms Viruses

17. Tapeworms

18. Endoparasites – Round Worms

19. Round Worms Elephantiasis is a disease that is characterized by the thickening of the skin and underlying tissues, especially in the legs and genitals. Blockage of the lymph nodes.

20. Mutualism A cooperative relationship in which both organisms benefit Examples: Pollinators - Organisms that deposit pollen in flowers. Termites and Bacteria Teeth cleaning birds and Crocodiles

21. Mutualism - Pollinators

22. Mutualism Ants and Aphids Ants protect the Aphids and in return the Aphids excrete waste that the Ants consume as food.

23. Mutualism Remora and Rays The Ray provides protection and food scraps while the Remora cleans bacteria from the Rays skin.

24. Commensalism Relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is unaffected.

25. Commensalism - Anemone Toxin of Anemone does not harm Clown Fish so they can use the Anemone for protection.

26. Competition The use of the same resources by 2 or more organisms. Competition leads to: Competitive exclusion Character Displacement Resource Partitioning

27. Competitive Exclusion One species is eliminated from a community because of competition

28. Character Displacement Evolution of anatomical differences that reduce competition between similar species

29. Resource Partitioning A pattern of resource use in which species reduce their use of shared resources.

30. Species Richness Number of species within a community. How many different types of organisms are living within a given area.

31. Species Diversity Number of species in a community compared to the abundance of each species.