1. Aquaculture in Vietnam: Challenges & Future Options
Pham Anh Tuan & Nguyen Cong Dan

2. Presentation outline Introduction to aquaculture & fisheries
The vision for development of the sectors
Challenges needed to be solved
Activities to solve challenges
The future of the sector

4. Fisheries & Aquaculture in Vietnam:
One of the most dynamic and fastest growing sectors
Last 15 years: total fisheries production approximately 2.9 times increased, to 3.1 million tonnes in 2004
Fisheries export value has increased nearly 12 times to US $ 2.4 billion in 2004

5. Fisheries & Aquaculture in Vietnam:
Supplies 40% of animal protein in Vietnamese food
Creates approximately 4 million jobs and support livelihoods for many more
Contributes to approximately 4% GDP
Fishery landings has increase from 0.7 billion MT in 1990 to 1.7 million MT in 2004
Estimated sustainable yield million MT

6. Aquaculture in Vietnam:
Aquaculture production from 0.4 million MT in 1990 to 1.4 million MT in 2004
Main freshwater species cultured are:
Carps
Catfish
Tilapia
Gouramy
Silver barb

7. Pond Aquaculture Larger commune level ponds or smaller household ponds
Utilises many species including tilapias
Integrate fish culture with vegetables and livestock

8. Lowland rice fish Deep water rice often used
Practiced throughout the Red & Mekong river delta
Fish culture extended after rice harvest

9. Sewage fed systems

10. Cage aquaculture:

11. Aquaculture in Vietnam:
Main brackish & marine species cultured are:
Black tiger shrimp
Black kingfish
Mud & Swimming crabs
Grouper
Green mussel
Abalone
Lobster
Seaweed

12. Brackish & marine aquaculture:

13. Aquaculture in Vietnam:
Potential area for aquaculture:
Freshwater:
Ponds and small lakes: 120,000 ha
Medium and larger Reservoirs: 340,000 ha
Rice-fields: 580,000 ha
Marine & Brackish Water:
Tidal areas: 600,000 ha
Lagoons suitable for aquaculture: ,000 ha

14. The projected development of aquaculture in Vietnam:
Aquaculture development ( ):
- Food security
- Exportation for hard currencies
Target objectives:
- 2,000,000 MT from aquaculture
2,5 billion USD from exporting of aquaculture products
2 million of jobs in aquaculture

15. Challenges needed to be solved:
Lack of planning leading to unsustainable development
Poor seed quality and insufficient quantity
Poor aquaculture infrastructure
Inefficient extension service
Polluting production technologies

16. Challenges needed to be solved:
High disease prevalence
Lack of environmental and disease monitoring system
Low species diversification
Lack of administrative and management capacity

17. Activities to solve challenges:
Lack of Planning:
-Aquaculture planning guidelines for provincial and district level
-Detailed project planning and implementation
-Training of national and provincial planning staff

18. Activities to solve challenges:
Poor Seed Quality & Insufficient Quantity:
- Establishment of selective breeding programmes
- Development of ‘Better Management Practices’ (BMP) in hatcheries
- Seed quality evaluation and monitoring
-Training of public and private hatchery management staff

19. Activities to solve challenges:
Poor Aquaculture Infrastructure:
- Establishment of 6 National Broodstock Centers
- Establishment of provincial hatcheries
- Establish demonstration areas with common in- and outlet water canals for semi-intensive aquaculture production

20. National Broodstock Centres:
NBCs
Provicial seed centres
Commercial hatcheries
...

21. National Broodstock Center:

22. Improved infrastructure for a Semi-intensive shrimp :

23. Activities to solve challenges:
Inefficient Aquaculture Extension:
- Support provincial aquaculture extension centres
- Establish Aquaculture Farmer Field Schools
-Training of trainers in Good Aquaculture Practices (GAP)

24. Aquaculture Farmer Field School
Stress testing tiger shrimp seed to evaluate quality

25. Polluting Production Technologies:
Shrimp waste accumulated in outlet
Intensive shrimp pond cleaned by Tilapia.

26. High Disease Prevalence:
Study on parasite, bacteria diseases in fish cultured in pond/cage
Studies on reducing viral diseases e.g. white spot disease in shrimp culture

27. Activities to solve challenges:
Lack of environmental and disease monitoring & dissemination system:
- 3 Environmental & Disease Monitoring Centers established
+ Essential for detection of emergencies
+ Early warning and response
+ Prevention of disease
+ Reduce risk of production failure
- Community based management

28. Activities to solve challenges:
Low Species Diversification
Promote diversified production systems:
+ Mono & polyculture
+ Integrated systems
Culture species diversified:
+ Low and high value species
+ Local & introduced species
+ Market targets

29. Activities to solve challenges:
Lack of Policies to Support Sustainable Development
Development of:
- The New Fishery Law
- Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines
- Aquaculture Planning Guidelines
- Co-management Guidelines

30. Activities to solve challenges:
Lack of administrative and management capacity
- Human Resource development plan
- Education and additional training
- CP 43 Organizational restructuring of the Ministry of Fisheries & related institutions

31. Activities to solve challenges:
Great support to fisheries & aquaculture:
- Gov. budget for fisheries increased
- Strong & long term support of international donors:
DANIDA (FSPS)
NORAD
WB & ADB…

32. Future of the sector: Diversification More intensive farming
Market oriented development
Balance of domestic & international consumption
Importance of quality control: success of farming & trading

33. Thank you!