1. UV and Insect eyes

2. LIGHT &PHOTOSYNTHESIS

3. Spectrum

4. Fate of intercepted light? n Reflect n Transmit n Absorb

5. Fate of leaf intercepted light? n Reflect - (6-12% PAR, 70% infrared, 3% UV) Degree of reflection varies with type of leaf surface n Transmit - average 10-20% (primarily green and far red) n What would influence this? thickness and structure of leaf n Absorb – What does this depend upon?

6. Fig. 5.4

7. Absorption n What determines how much light a plant or a group of plants will intercept? n Quantity and position of leaves

8. Leaf area index

9. Leaf Area Index LAI Interpretation of LAI see fig 5.5 (d) pg 47 (m 2 leaf area/m 2 ground area) LAI 3 means 3m 2 leaf area over each m 2 of ground

10. LAIs of different canopy types Summer Temperate Deciduous Forest: LAI 3-5 (1-5% light hitting canopy reaches floor) Summer Pine Forest LAI 2-4 (10-15% light hitting canopy reaches floor) Tropical Rain Forest LAI 6-10 (.25 – 2% light reaches floor)

11. Light levels and LAI n Why is the amount of light reaching the forest floor of the pine forest greater than that of the deciduous forest? n Does the LAI of an area change throughout the year? n What are the consequences of this for plants of the forest floor?

12. Light Levels n Are there other factors other than LAI and leaf angle that would influence the amount of light a forest floor organism might receive? See Fig. 5.7 page 49

13. Light levels: year profile

14. Photosynthetic Terms n PAR – photosynthetically active radiation n Light compensation point (LCP) n Light saturation point (LSP) n photoinhibition

15. PS terms expanded n Light compensation point: rate of C0 2 uptake in PS = rate of C0 2 loss in Respiration n Short version rate of PS = rate of respiration n Light Saturation Point – Point at which increasing light does not increase PS n Photoinhibition - High light levels inhibit PS

16. LCP

17. Shade –tolerant n Low PS rates n Low respiration rates n Low metabolic rates n Low growth rates

18. Shade -intolerant n Higher PS rates n Higher respiratory rates n Higher growth rates n Lower survival in shade conditions

19. Shade and Seedlings

20. Apply your Smarts n How does the concentration of Rubisco relate to photosynthesis rate? n What does the production of Rubisco have to do with respiration? n What do respiration rates have to do with tolerance to shade?

21. Apply your Smarts Apply your Smarts n What do respiration rates have to do with the light compensation point? n What does the light compensation point have to do with shade tolerance or intolerance? n In general what types of plants would you expect to have a lower light saturation point: shade inotlerant or shade tolerant Why?

22. Apply your Smarts Apply your Smarts n What would you change in a plant that would increase or lower the light compensation point? n Plant a shade intolerant plant in the shade. What would the plant do to compensate for being in low light?

23. Leafs and Light n How does the amount of light a leaf receives influence its shape and sizE? n See page 52 n And what does surface area and volume have to do with it?

24. Shade-Sun leaf

25. PS and Temperature n See page 59 Fig. 6.3-6.4

26. PS and Temperature

27. PS and temp

28. Plants and Temperature n Heat gain and loss – What are the parameters? n Reflectivity of leaf and bark n Orientation of leaves to sun and wind? n Size and shape of leaves Frost hardiness – n Transpiration cooooooling………

29. Plants and Temperature n Frost hardiness – mostly genetic n Addition of protective compounds (antifreeze type) allows super cooling n Ice forms in the cell wall???? n Transpiration cooooooling………

30. Temperature and plants

31. Photosynthesis

32. Light Absorption

33. PS Activity Problem Relative PS activity 100% 0% Wavelength 400 500 600 700

34. Light Problem Relative Absorbency 100% 0% Wavelength (nm) 400 500 600 700 ABCD

35. Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 12 H 2 0 ---> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 0 + 60 2 OR 6CO 2 + 6 H 2 0 ---> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 60 2

36. PS Problem n If you put a plant in a closed container with an atmosphere of 14 C0 2, and H 2 18 0 where would you find the radioactive carbon and the heavy oxygen ( 18 0) in the container and/or plant?

37. Fates of reactants C0 2 H20H20 C 6 H 12 0 6 0202 H20H20 H20H20

38. Photosynthesis

39. PS Activity Problem Key Plant A Plant B Relative PS Activity 100% 0% Time (days) 1 2 3 4 5

40. Movement of water