1. Master thesis presentation Joanna Gatz TU Delft 29 of July 2007 Properties and Applications of the T copula

2. Properties and applications of the T copula Outline: Student t distribution T copula Pair-copula decomposition Vines Applications Conclusions & recommendations

3. Multivariate Student t distribution Random vector As then density is p-variate normal with mean and correlation matrix.

4. Univariate Student t distribution Density function Representation:

5. Bivariate Student t distribution

6. Properties of the Student t distribution Symmetric, Does not posses independence property, Family of the elliptical distributions: –Explicit relation between and Kendall’s –Partial correlation = Conditional correlation

7. Properties of the Student t distribution Upper tail dependence coefficient: Bivariate Student t distribution with and

8. T copula From Sklar’s theorem: T copula Density of the T copula:

9. T copula

10. Sampling T copula Generate T ~ random variable: Choleski decom. A of R; Simulate Set Return

11. Properties of the T copula Symmetric, Elliptical copula, Does not posses independence property, –Explicit relation between and Kendall’s –Partial correlation = Conditional correlation –Tail dependence coefficient

12. Estimation of the T copula Semi parametric pseudo likelihood: Transformation of the observations pseudo sample : Pseudo likelihood function Relation between and

13. Pair Copula Decomposition

14. Vines Regular vines: canonical and D-vine 23|1 14 13 12 4 3 2 1 24|1 T1 12 13 14 23|1 24|1 34|12 D-vineCanonical vine Sampling procedure: 1 24|3 3 12 13|2 23 4 34 2 122334 13|224|3 14|23 T2 T3

15. Normal vine has a joint normal distribution Conditional correlation = partial correlation Rank correlation specification: –Spearman’s –Kendall’s T-vine degrees of freedom 123 2312

16. Inference for a vine Observe n variables at M time points,, Log-likelihood function for canonical vine: Cascade estimation procedure: Estimate parameters for tree 1; Compute observations for tree 2; Estimate parameters for tree 2; Compute observations for tree 3; Estimate parameters for tree 3; Etc.

17. Inference for three dimensional vine Observed data:, 1.Estimate and for tree 1 2.Compute observations and for tree 2 3. Estimate

18. Case study Foreign exchange rates: Canadial dollar vs American dollar, German mark vs American dollar, Swiss franc vs American dollar 1973-1984, M=2909 Log returns:

19. Case study Exchange/ statlocationscaleskewnesskurtosis Can vs. U.S.9.24e-0050.00220.325.02 DM vs. U.S.-3.37e-0050.0064-0.0159.3 Sw vs. U.S.-1.48e-0040.00760.235.76 Can vs. U.S.DM vs. U.S.Sw vs. U.S. v4.3 0.193.2 0.224.2 0.2 Accepted v:[3.7,7.6][3,4.5][3.8,6.2] Degrees of freedom parameter v estimated using bootstrap improved Hill estimator- tail index estimator -standarized data -Kolmogorov-Smirnov test

20. Case study Estimating bivariate T copulas:

21. Case study Take under consideration: - Choice of the decomposition; Comparing all max log-likelihoods of all decompositions - infeasible for large dimensions; Determine the most important bivariate relations and let them determine the decomposition In case of the T copula, since low v indicates strong tail dependence, copulas in tree 1 should be ordered in increasing order with respect to v - Choice of the copula type; - Estimation of the parameters; - Model comparison criteria - AIC: Kulback-Leibler information Akaike (1973,1974) found a relation between K-L information and max log- likelihood value of model Akaike Information Crierion:

22. Case study 4.4, 0.87814, 0.2384 42.2, 0.053 Max log likelihood = 2210.2 AIC = -4408.4 Max log likelihood = 2205.3 AIC = -4398.6 Max log likelihood = 2201.1 AIC = -4390.2 14.6, 0.23444.4, 0.878 68.4, -0.028 14, 0.238414.6, 0.2344 4.4, 0.8724

23. Case study T copula for pesudo- sample AIC performance: –Sample n=3000 from vine: AIC for copula: - 3314 > AIC for vine: - 3324 –Sample from copula: AIC for copula: -3409.8 < AIC for vine: -3377.6 And v = 8.2, Max log likelihood = 2166.6 AIC = -4341.2 > AIC for all 3 vines 4, 0.814, 0.2 42.2, 0.068

24. Case study Sample n=3000 from vine I: –Estimated bivariate T copulas: –Tail dependence coefficients: 123 4.4.878 14.238

25. Conclusions & Recommendations T-copula can be used to model financial data –E.g. Modeling joint extreme co-movements; Copula-vine decomposition of the multivariate distribution captures complex dependence structures; –Hierarchical structure, where copulas as building blocks capture pair-wise interactions; –Cascade inference; It is possible to construct decomposition using different types of copulas the best fit pairs of data; Algorithms for finding the best decompositions; Criteria to compare copula-vine decompositions;