1. FLORA AND VEGETATION OF THE KOKIWANEE NATURE PRESERVE Teresa M. Michaelis and David J. Hicks Biology Department, Manchester College, North Manchester, IN

2. INTRODUCTION

3. x

4. 1998 Salamonie State Forest Kokiwanee Nature Preserve (55 ha) Salamonie Dam & Reservoir ↔ Wabash CR 50S ↕ Wabash CR 600E Salamonie River

5. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

6. GEOLOGICAL HISTORY Calcareous Silurian rocks overlain by glacial till

7. x Howe. 1997. Natural Heritage of Indiana.

8. Melhorn. 1997. Natural Heritage of Indiana.

9. Salamonie Gorge Formed in Holocene? (Fleming, 2005)

10. Upland soils: alfisols (Glynwood-Morley group) Floodplain soil: inceptisol (Genesee series) (Wabash County Soil Survey)

11. Humid continental climate Climate data for Wabash, IN

12. NATURE PRESERVE

13. ACRES Land Trust, Inc. 2004

14. 1946-1995

15. ACRES Trail System

17. LAND-USE HISTORY

18. 1941 1951 Current

19. 1941 1951 Woodlot

20. 1941 1951 Bluff

22. Pine plantations

23. 1946-1995

25. FLORA

26. Collecting trips Total: 62 2004: 20 2005: 17 2006: 25

28. SPECIES LIST Currently 449 species

29. SPECIES LIST 43% are county records

30. SPECIES LIST 43% are “county records” Deam flora (1940)

31. Most plant illustrations from USDA PLANTS site

33. ?

34. r 2 = 0.89, p = 0.001 Kokiwanee Botany Glen, Fogwell Forest, Ginn Woods, Mounds SP, Wright FGA 449 species is not unusually high, given extent of preserve

35. SPECIES LIST 93 families

36. LARGEST FAMILIES FamilyNumber of species Asteraceae59 Poaceae35 Cyperaceae33 Rosaceae18 Lamiaceae17 Liliaceae17 Ranunculaceae16 Apiacaeae15 Fabaceae14 Caprifoliaceae12 42 families represented by only 1 species

37. SOME INTERESTING SPECIES

38. UNUSUAL PLANTS Possible state T&E Carex brunnescens

39. Species near edge of range Delphinium tricorne

40. x x x x x x x x x xx x x x x Melanthium woodii Species near edge of range

41. Hydrangea arborescens

42. Hybanthus concolor Species uncommon in northeastern Indiana Mertensia virginica

43. Species uncommon in northeastern Indiana Panax quinquefolius

44. 5 Trilliums

45. Invasives

46. http://users.manchester.edu/Facstaff/DJHicks/kokiwaneelist.xls

47. FLORISTIC QUALITY “Coefficient of conservatism” (C) 0 to 10 scale Ratings from http://www.in.gov/idem/programs /water/401/plantlist.xls

48. Average for native spp. = C av = 4.42 ± 2.38 15% non-native (vs. 30% for IN)

49. FLORISTIC QUALITY For “the best natural woodland sites in the Central Till Plain… C av (native species) plateau in the low 4 range.” (Rothrock and Homoya. 2005. Proc. IAS)

50. FLORISTIC QUALITY Floristic quality index = C av √(number species) = 86

51. FLORISTIC QUALITY >45 indicates “noteworthy remnants of a region’s natural heritage” (Rothrock and Homoya, 2005) Higher than any value cited by Rothrock and Homoya (2005)

52. CURRENT STATUS OF PROJECT

54. The mystery plant Lycopodium digitatum

55. Sheets prepared for 312 of 449 spp.

56. WETLAND COMMUNITIES

58. Wetlands

59. Amon et al. 2002. Wetlands Limy bedrock Calcareous tuff in groundwater flow Slope fen Fens

60. “Hanging Fen”

61. Amon et al. 2002. Wetlands Kokiwanee fens have 30 of 55 spp.

62. Lobelia kalmii Parnassia glauca

63. HabitatC av Native % All species (432 spp.)4.4±2.485 Wetlands (50 spp.)5.2±2.496

64. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Eli Lilly Endowment Incorporated Office of Academic Affairs, Manchester College ACRES Land Trust, especially Tim Kimmel, Rachel Sherman and Carolyn McNagny Kelli Griewank and Dan Chudzynski