1. Doryphorus The Work of Ploykleitos by Richard

2. Basic Facts Made by Polykleitos Originally made c.440 BCE (High Classical) Bronze (marble copy) 2.12 metres Holding a spear Most likely displayed in place of exercise eg. Palaestras This copy found in Pompeii

3. Polykleitios’ other works

4. The significance of this statue There are many Roman copies of this statue. The most copied Greek statue

5. The Canon Polykleitos pioneered this idea - a rule for a standard of beauty Proportions and ratio between each body part – unrealistic head size? Mathematical calculation of relations between body parts The Doryphorus is a manifestation ofThe Canon

6. Contrapposto Notice the line going down the middle – straight VS s-shaped The tension in the limbs – balanced, equilibrium A walking man, alive "poised about to walk but still at rest, relaxed and yet alert." Relaxed Contracted Relaxed Contracted Head turn Hip twist

7. Contrapposto in later years

8. Nice to look at from the sides and the front, because of the head turning away to the side This is unlike Kouroi or even the Discobolus, only good from one angle “The left side is enlivened by the angular elbow and the bent knee, while the right side... Is animated by the turn of the head.” - Woodford

9. The back The back doesn’t look as pleasing to look at Has the deep groove – no coccyx bone From the back we can see the contrapposto

10. The face Detailed wavy hair, not patterned, boring Relaxed expression, showing calmness in war Distant and aloof Short hair and no beard

11. Except for the spear, there are no clues to show that the statue is of a soldier (no armour) Many Ancient scholars believed it to represent Achilles, the ideal soldier But it has a generic face and no attributes Modern scholars think the statue didn’t represent anyone, but was instead the ideal person – with Polykleitos’ perfect proportions

12. Extremely detailed – veins are visible Impossibly defined hip muscles

13. Legs The left leg is raised, with only toes touching the ground. This creates movement, more so than the Riace warriors. “The spear bearer is shown pausing for a moment as he steps forward – a stable image which retains the suggestion of movement” - Woodford

14. What does Woodford say? “The contrast of contracted torso on one side and extended torso on the other holds the body in dynamic equilibrium” “It is as if (Polykleitos) had rediscovered the virtues of the ambiguity of the standing-walking pose of the kouros”