Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Servos The material presented is taken from a variety of sources including:

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "Servos The material presented is taken from a variety of sources including:"— Presentation transcript:

1 Servos The material presented is taken from a variety of sources including: http://www.seattlerobotics.org/guide/servos.html, http://www.baldor.com/pdf/manuals/1205-394.pdf, and Parallax educational materials at http://learn.parallax.com/ http://www.seattlerobotics.org/guide/servos.html http://www.baldor.com/pdf/manuals/1205-394.pdf http://learn.parallax.com/

2 Overview  Servo motors are used for angular positioning. They typically have a movement range of 180 deg but can go up to 210 deg.  The output shaft of a servo does not rotate freely. It seeks a particular angular position under electronic control.  Servos are typically rated by torque and speed. A servo rated 40 ounce- in/.21 means that at 1 inch from the hub, the servo can exert 40 ounces of force and move 60 deg in 0.21 sec.

3 What makes a Servo  The basic hobby servo has a 180:1 gear ratio. The motor is typically small.  Typically, a potentiometer (variable resistor) measures the position of the output shaft at all times.  An informative link An informative link Servo motors and are constructed out of basic DC motors, by adding: some gear reduction a position sensor for the motor shaft an electronic circuit that controls the motor's operation

4 Feed-back loop open-loop closed-loop

5 Control  An external controller (such as the Arduino) tells the servo where to go with a signal know as pulse proportional modulation (PPM) or pulse code modulation (which is often confused with pulse width modulation, PWM).  PPM uses 1 to 2ms out of a 20ms time period to encode information.

6 PPM  A control wire communicates the angular movement. The angle is determined by the duration of the pulse on the control wire.  The servo expects a pulse every 20 millisec (.02 seconds). The length of the pulse determines how far the motor turns.  For a 1.5 millisecond pulse, the motor turns to the 90 degree position (i.e., the neutral position).  If the pulse is shorter than 1.5 ms, the motor turns the shaft to closer to 0 degrees. If the pulse is longer than 1.5ms, the shaft turns closer to 180 degrees.

7 PPM Each pulse is from 1300 to 1700 microsec (μs) in duration The pulses repeat about 50 times each second---once every 20 millisec

8 PPM  The amount of power applied to the motor is proportional to the distance to be traveled.  If the shaft needs to turn a large distance, the motor runs at full speed.  If it needs to turn a small amount, the motor runs at a slower speed.

9 Modified Servos  Servo motors can also be retrofitted to provide continuous rotation: Remove mechanical limit (revert back to DC motor shaft). Remove pot position sensor (no need to know position) and replace it with 2 equal- valued resistors with a combined resistance equivalent to that of the pot. Makes the servo “think” it is in the 90 deg position. Not always necessary

10 Modified Servos  The idea is to make the servo think that the output shaft is always at the 90 degree mark.  This is done by removing the feedback sensor, and replacing it with an equivalent circuit that creates the same readings as the sensor at 90 degrees.  Then, the control signal for 0 degrees causes the motor to turn full speed in one direction. The signal for 180 degrees causes the motor to turn full speed the other direction.  Since the feedback from the output shaft is disconnected, the servo continues in the specified direction as long as the signal remains.

11 Parallax Servos  The parallax servos are modified servos with the potentiometer intact.  The potentiometer (a.k.a., pot) should be adjusted to make the servo think that it is at the 90 degree mark.

12 Parallax Servo Connections Servo Connector: Black – ground Red – power White – signal

13 Connecting to the Arduino

14 Calibration Program #include Servo myServo; void setup() { myServo.attach(9); myServo.writeMicroseconds(1500); // Stop } void loop() { }

15 Demonstration Program #include Servo myServo; // Create Servo object void setup() { myServo.attach(9); // Servo is connected to digital pin 9 } void loop() { myServo.writeMicroseconds(1700); // Counter clockwise delay(2000); // Wait 2 seconds myServo.writeMicroseconds(1300); // Clockwise delay(2000); myServo.writeMicroseconds(1500); // Stop delay(2000); }

16 Using Two Servos and Angles to Specify Movement #include Servo servoLeft; // Define left servo Servo servoRight; // Define right servo void setup() { servoLeft.attach(10); // left servo on pin 10 servoRight.attach(9); // right servo on pin 9 } void loop() { forward(); // move forward delay(2000); // wait 2000 millisec reverse(); delay(2000); turnRight(); delay(2000); turnLeft(); delay(2000); stopRobot(); delay(2000); } http://www.robotoid.com

17 Using Two Servos and Angles to Specify Movement---continued void forward() { servoLeft.write(0); servoRight.write(180); } void reverse() { servoLeft.write(180); servoRight.write(0); } void turnRight() { servoLeft.write(180); servoRight.write(180); } void turnLeft() { servoLeft.write(0); servoRight.write(0); } void stopRobot() { servoLeft.write(90); servoRight.write(90); }


Download ppt "Servos The material presented is taken from a variety of sources including:"

Similar presentations


Ads by Google