1. Vocabulary and Terminology Standards
Marjorie M.K.Hlava
President
Access Innovations, Inc.

2. What are they for? Accuracy Disambiguation Recall Precision Relevance
Removing Noise
Increasing Hits

3. Vocabulary Control Define Scope of term (meaning)
Equivalence between synonyms
And Quasi Synonyms
Single concept
Cars / Automobiles
Distinguish homographs
Mercury –
Planet, metal, myth, car

4. Nice to have Equivalence – synonyms - Rogets
Associative – related terms
Hierarchies – taxonomy view
History – development of the term
Notes – help the user
Notation – different way to sort
Display – how to show the terms

5. Where do they come from? ANSI / NISO ISO W3C US OMB IFLA
National Information Standards Organization
ISO
International Standards Organization
TC 46
TC 37
W3C
World Wide Web Consortium
US OMB
IFLA

6. Effectiveness of Indexing
Indexing as a means for identifying and retrieving content objects depends upon a well constructed indexing language
Improves precision by defining the scope of the terms
Improves recall by allowing different terms for the same concept

7. Vocabulary Control Eliminate ambiguity
Control synonyms – insure a term has only one meaning
Establish relationships
Test and validate terms
Gather the linguistic relationships in one place

8. Facets Bottom up approach to organization
Find the parts of the knowledge
Useful in
Developing areas
Interdisciplinary fields
Multiple hierarchies
Where location of CO is not important
Where several groups have ownership of the whole…

9. Facets Multiple attributes for a single object Could be fields,
Topic
By composition
By use
Format
Audience
Intellectual level
Could be fields,
Could be facets

10. Interoperability Same content – different domains
Different vocabulary – same domain
Degree of specificity / granularity
Handling of synonyms
Search methodology
Z39.50
Pre coordinated
Post coordinated
Literary warrant established in vocab used
Intended purpose (academic vs lay public)

11. Interoperability Merging vocabularies Merging databases
Indexing using single vocab
Federated searching
Mapping or crosswalks
Decide on master vocab
Authority records

12. Z39.19 -2006 – Controlled Vocabularies - What’s new?
Interoperability
Synonym Rings
Facet Analysis
Taxonomy
Semantic Relationships
Glossary
Web Format
Changes in terminology

13. Other methods - Zeng Derivation Modeling Translation and Adaptation
Satellite controlled vocabularies
Node or leaf linking

14. Other methods Section 10.8 Switching
Linking Through a Temporary Union List
Linking Through Controlled Vocabulary Servers

15. Semantic Network Use to cluster terms from many sources
Create an underlying structure for all to map to
Group terms to conceptual scheme
Define types of concepts
Define types of relationships
Generate synonym rings for retrieval

16. Semantic network for clustered terms from a combined vocabulary – UMLS portion

17. Semantic network showing types of relationships among concepts - UMLS

18. Lexical Database Terms from many vocabularies
Create clusters of concepts
Allow many kinds of relationships
IsA, HasA, synonyms, hierarchical, etc

19. Multiple senses for the same noun in a lexical database
bridge, span -- (a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.)
bridge, bridge circuit -- (a circuit consisting of two branches (4 arms arranged in a diamond configuration) across which a meter is connected)
bridge -- (something resembling a bridge in form or function; "his letters provided a bridge across the centuries")
bridge -- (the hard ridge that forms the upper part of the nose; "her glasses left marks on the bridge of her nose")
bridge -- (any of various card games based on whist for four players)
bridge -- (a wooden support that holds the strings up)
bridge, bridgework -- (a denture anchored to teeth on either side of missing teeth)
bridge, nosepiece -- (the link between two lenses; rests on nose)
bridge, bridge deck -- (an upper deck where a ship is steered and the captain stands)

20. ISO TC 46 – SC 6 or 9
Controlled vocabulary and other information standards
ISO 5127 – Information and Documentation – Vocabulary
ISO Guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri
= BS 5723:1987
ISO Guidelines for the establishment and development of multilingual thesauri
= BS 6723:1985
NEW - BSA Parts 1 – 4 Stella Dexter Clarke

21. British Standards - BS 8723
Structured vocabularies for information retrieval – Guide
Part 1: General
Part 2: Thesauri
Part 3: Vocabularies other than thesauri
Part 4: Interoperability between vocabularies
Part 5: Interoperability with applications

22. ISO TC 37
Scope of ISO TC 37: Standardization of principles, methods and applications relating to terminology and other language resources.
TC 37/SC 1 - Principles and methods
TC 37/SC 2 - Terminography and lexicography
TC 37/SC 3 - Computer applications for terminology
TC 37/SC 4 - Language resource management

23. Sample Standards
Principles of concept-oriented terminology and data categories:
ISO 704:2000 Terminology work - Principles and methods ISO 860:1996 Terminology work - Harmonization of concepts and terms ISO :2000 Terminology work - Vocabulary - Part 1: Theory and application ISO :2000 Terminology work - Vocabulary - Part 2: Computer applications ISO 10241:1992 Preparation and layout of international terminology standards ISO 12200:1999 Computer applications in terminology - Machine-readable terminology interchange format (MARTIF) - Negotiated interchange ISO 12616:2002 Translation-oriented terminography ISO/TR 12618:1994 Computer aids in terminology - Creation and use of terminological databases and text corpora ISO 12620:1999 Computer applications in terminology - Data categories
used to create glossaries

24. W3C OWL – Web Ontology Language RDF – Resource Description Format
Topic Maps
SKOS - Simple Knowledge Organization Systems
Which community to serve?
Build on the current standard
Might make this link next

25. Other things to watch Other W3C and ISO areas Support groups SIMILE
Blogs
Communities of Practice
SIMILE
Web 2.0 activities
WSDL – Web Services Digital Library

26. Other Relevant ISO & W3C Standards
Markup Languages
Metadata Resources
Character Coding
Access Protocols and Interoperability
Content Creation, Manipulation, and Maintenance
Authoring Standards
Text and Content Markup
Translation Standards
Terminology and Lexicography Standards
ISO TC 37 Standards
Terminology Interchange Standards
Controlled Language Standards
Taxonomy and Ontology Standards
Corpus Management Standards  
Locale-Related Standards
For translation, terminology and applied linguists go to :

27. SIMILE
Semantic Interoperability of Metadata and Information in unLike Environments
Forming a data reference for open source taxonomies

28. Web Services – Web 2.0 Acts as middleware
Allows migration from legacy systems
Uses HTTP remote procedure calls
Allows interaction between distributed, loose coupled and reusable software components
Openness:
Machine readable description available
WSDL – Web Services Digital Library
accessible via public (UDDI-) Registries
Will help integrate “taxonomies into web presentations of data

29. Summary
Standards for Vocabulary now come from many places. There are 19 main ones to watch
If you have a current standard compliant thesaurus you can probably implement it in the Web 2.0 arena
Vocabulary control improves search
Precision and accuracy
Recall and relevance

30. Access Innovations / Data Harmony
Thank you for your time
Marjorie M.K. Hlava
President
Access Innovations / Data Harmony

31. : xrefer Research Mapping

32. Data Harmony View - VxInsight

33. Scenario: Web Services based Infrastructure for Digital Libraries
UDDI-
Registry
Existing web services
Newsservice
Scientific
database
OAI based
document
harvester
XML/SOAP
Network-
node 1
WSDL-
descriptions
node 2
node n
This slide shows a situation, not the possible relations between all the elements. Each node is a web service as well – just wanted to show that existing web services can be used.

34. DL-Services (logical view)
(user‘s perspective)
Types of services
Types of material
Metamodel
Functionality model
and implementation
Service Provision
(Web-Service)
Supporting users, developers, and provider of services in their different roles -> representing their different views within the framework

35. Framework (logical view)
XML-Repository
Metamodel
of Services
Data processed
by Services
Webserver
(Cocoon2)
Service
creation and
assembly
Support Services
Transaction-
management
Service
<<facade>>
WSDL-Service Support
Generator
Service-
Localization
Dispatcher
Java-classes (framework application)

36. For services and software
Contact
Marjorie Hlava
Jay Ven Eman
Access Innovations, Inc
Data Harmony
Thesaurus Master, MAI, XIS
Auto indexing and content Management