3. Sheep Brain Lab April 2-6, 2012 Master Watermark Image: http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gifhttp://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif

4. The Brain Objectives –Identify key structures on the and sheep brain. –Describe the key structures and function of the human brain –State the function and location of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain –Identify the 4 lobes of the cerebrum

5. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_di fferences_between_a_sheep_brain_and_h uman_brain Purpose The purpose of today’s lab is to familiarize with the structure of the brain that is being presented in lab.

6. Different brain regions in sensory perception of Neural Anatomy Lecture 17 Sight in Visual cortex Visual cortex in Touch in Hearing in Primary auditory cortex Primary auditory cortex in Somatosensory cortex Somatosensory cortex in Smell & Taste Smell & Taste in Olfactory bulb Olfactory bulb in Occipital lobe Occipital lobe of Temporal lobe Temporal lobe of Parietal lobe Parietal lobe in

7. 2. A man suffered a stroke that leads to his loss of hearing. The damage in the brain occurs in the primary auditory cortex, which is located in the ____________. 7 Countdown 10 1.Occipital lobe 2.Temporal lobe 3.Parietal lobe 4.Frontal lobe 5.Hippocampus

8. Cerebrum - The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes. Cerebrum Cerebellum http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif

9. Cerebral Cortex Cerebral Cortex - The outermost layer of gray matter making up the superficial aspect of the cerebrum. http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-6.tif.jpg

10. Grey Matter vs White Matter Grey matter – closely packed neuron cell bodies form the grey matter of the brain. The grey matter includes regions of the brain involved in muscle control, sensory perceptions, such as seeing and hearing, memory, emotions and speech. White Matter - neuronal tissue containing mainly long, myelinated axons (insulation). Situated between the brainstem and cerebellum, the white matter consists of structures at the core of the brain such as the thalamus and hypothalamus.

11. Nerve bodies Axons Dendrites Axons Dendrites Cerebrum Cerebellum Axons that have myelin sheaths (insulating covering which allows for faster impulse transmission) Unmyleinated dendrites and cell bodies (nerve bodies) Gyri – Elevated ridges “winding” around the brain. Sulci – Small grooves dividing the gyri

12. Basic Structure of a Nerve Cell (Neuron) Grey matter – closely packed neuron cell bodies form the grey matter of the brain. White Matter - neuronal tissue containing mainly long, myelinated axons (insulation).

13. Main Differences of Sheep Brain and Human Brain: –Temporal lobe of a sheep is proportionately much smaller, and does not extend forward, overlapping the frontal lobe as it does in a human brain. (Auditory Processing – rely less on sounds and more on smell) –The brain stem of a sheep extends along the dorsal surface (straight back instead of straight down) because sheep walk on all fours. –A sheep brain has an enlarged smooth area along the ventral aspect of the temporal lobe that is the primary olfactory center of the cerebrum. This indicates how much sheep rely on olfactory senses compared to humans. –Additionally, sheep have proportionally larger olfactory bulbs

14. Gloves on, place brain on tray Posterior or Caudal Anteri or Exterior contains Dura mater Medial

15. student.ccbcmd.ed u/c_anatomy/sheep _brain/sheep_brain. PPT Dorsal View – Whole Brain Cerebrum Longitudinal Fissure Gyri Sulci Cerebellum Medulla oblongata Spinal cord

16. student.ccbcmd.ed u/c_anatomy/sheep _brain/sheep_brain. PPT Ventral View - Anterior Pituitary gland Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Cerebrum

17. student.ccbcmd.ed u/c_anatomy/sheep _brain/sheep_brain. PPT Ventral View – Optic Nerve and Chiasma Optic chiasma Optic nerves (dura mater intact) (dura mater partially removed)

18. Lobes of the Cerebrum: Fronta l Lobe Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Occiptal Lobe

19. Midsagittal Section: Cerebrum and Cerebellum Cerebellum Occiptal Lobe Parietal Lobe Cerebrum Frontal Lobe Corpus Callosum Medulla oblongata Pons

20. Midsagittal Section: Cerebrum and Cerebellum Cerebellum Arbor vitae Cerebrum Corpus callosum Occiptal lobe Fornix Parietal lobe Frontal lobe Fourth Ventricle

21. Thalamus and Hypothalamus

22. Circadian Rhythm 24 hour cycle regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus Regulates Sleep cycles Feeding patterns Hormone Release Sex Drive “Thrown out of rhythm” Jet Lag Seasonal Affective Disorder Obesity Depression

23. Clean up your station prior to leaving lab. Throw brain material in the white garbage cans in the lab rooms. Clean off dissecting tray. Wipe down lab station with Clorox wipes before leaving lab.