1. Electrospray deposition Graziano Magnano Nanoscience group School of Physics & Astronomy University of Nottingham Berlin - 1 st October 07

2. Instrument: principles and settings Results: Deposition of PEO on Si(111) Deposition of C 60 on Au(111) Deposition of C 60 onto PTCDI / Melamine on Au(111) Ongoing and Future work Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 Overview

3. Electrospray is widely used in mass spectrometry (MS) as an ionisation source for non-volatile molecules and molecules which break down upon heating. It’s possible to create gas phase ions directly from a solution of the molecules of interest. Electrospray ionisation Especially in MS, electrospray works on large molecules: To determine the molecular weight and distribuition of polymers and biomolecules, e.g. DNA. To analyse the sequence of proteins or oligonucleotides. To analyse drugs, pesticides, carbohydrates or fatty acids with long chains. Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07

4. Ion production in an electrospray ionisation source has three steps: Electrospray ionisation: principles Aerosol formation; Desorbed ion formation; Migration to the sample. Aerosol formation; Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07

5. Solvent evaporation Coulombic explosion Electrospray ionisation: principles Ion production in an electrospray ionisation source has three steps: Aerosol formation; Desorbed ion formation; Migration to the sample. Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07

6. Electrospray ionisation: principles S.J. Gaskell, J.Mass Spectrom. 32 (1997) 667 Ion production in an electrospray ionisation source has three steps: Aerosol formation; Desorbed ion formation; Migration to the sample. Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07

7. Recently, aside from mass spectrometry, novel applications of electrospray have been used to create: New Deposition Techniques Applications Surface coatings Functional films Biological arrays Electrode coatings Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07

8. We have developed an electrospray deposition system in which the spray occurs Instrumentation In vacuum At atmospheric pressure Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07

9. 10 -2 torr 10 -5 torr Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 In vacuum

10. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Electrospray deposition in vacuum: Swarbrick,J.C; Taylor, J.B.; O’Shea, J.N. Appl. Surf. Sci. (2006) 252, 5622 Polymer (PEO) Electrospray deposition of carbon nanotubes in vacuum: O’Shea J.N., Schulte K. et al. Nanotechnology (18) 035707 (2007) Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 In vacuum

11. Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 At atmospheric pressure

12. 10 -7 torr water-methanol solution Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 At atmospheric pressure

13. Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 Deposition of PEO on Si(111)

14. Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 Deposition of PEO on Si(111)

15. Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 Deposition of PEO on Si(111)

16. Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 Deposition of C60 on Au(111)

17. J. A. Theobald, et al., Langmuir, 21, 2005. L. M. A. Perdigão, et al., J. Phys. Chem. B, 110 (25), 2006 Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 Deposition of C60 onto PTCDI / Melamine on Au(111)

18. Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 Deposition of C60 onto PTCDI / Melamine on Au(111) 2 minutes deposition from a ~ 1mg/ml C 60 soln. in Tol:MeCN (3:1) +1.80V, 0.03nA, 102.3nm x 75.3nm A – reduced order area B – Dimers trapped in parallelogram network C – Heptamers in hexagonal network with 2 nd layer growth

19. Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 Deposition of C60 onto PTCDI / Melamine on Au(111) A +1.80V, 0.03nA, 51.0nm x 33.7nm+1.80V, 0.03nA, 23.9nm x 23.9nm

20. Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 Deposition of C60 onto PTCDI / Melamine on Au(111) B +1.80V, 0.03nA, 51.2nm x 40.6nm

21. Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 Deposition of C60 onto PTCDI / Melamine on Au(111) +1.80V, 0.03nA, 49.8nm x 30.3nm C

22. Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07 Deposition of: Nanotubes, PbS, P3HT, DMP (Soluble Pentacene Precursors), C60O, Porphyrin, N@C60. Ongoing and Future work Line of Sight Mass Spectrometry of Electrospray Detailed inventory of species in electrospray beam Attempt to deflect using a biased target could give idea of impact energy New housing for spray generation Inert atmosphere (Nitrogen) Precise tip positioning during operation Heated drying gas

23. Acknowledgements Dr. James O’ Shea Chris Satterley, Louise Mayor and Anna Rienzo Funding EC Marie-Curie Early Stage Researcher Training Network Program MONET: MOLECULAR NETWORKS AT PHASE BOUNDARIES …Thank you for your attention Graziano Magnano Berlin - 1 st October 07